Interests Coordination Mechanism Of Industrial Waste Recycling Network Between Enterprises

As is well known, it is very important for our country to highlight the environmental protection as well as economic development. In order to pursue a balanced development of industry and environment, it is necessary to establish an industrial ecological system. Similar to the natural ecological system, industrial ecological system is a recycling mutualism system of material and energy between enterprises, replacing traditional simplified production method by integrative production method to relieve or eliminate the effect of industrial activities on environment. While circular economy, as an integrative circular method, meets the demand of development in modern time and finds the path to solve the problem of coordinating development of resources circulating utilization and economic development. Now, there are mainly two methods to solve the problem of industrial wastes recycling:intra-enterprise circular and inter-enterprise circular. The former method improves the comprehensive utilization of the resources mainly by such ways as "waste free craftwork","clean production""’extensive producer responsibility" and "green design", etc. But confined by resource limitation in primary business, scale effect and cross-industry operation, the eco-industrial chain is too short to form a closed waste recycling network. Obviously, industrial waste recycling between enterprises have become the most effective form of ecological organization, in which wastes produced in upstream process are used as raw material for downstream production process, so that the eco-industry organization is formed to share resources and exchange by-products between different enterprises. In this way, waste comprehensive utilization and recycling is realized and optimal allocation of industrial resources is achieved.At present, although China has constructed a number of eco-industrial parks and circular economy experimental areas, but few industrial waste recycling network has been formed between enterprises; and cascade utilization of resources such as energy and water has not realized and ecological chain of material and industrial waste recycling is in a broken state; and mechanism is not formed that can promote inter-enterprise production process horizontal coupling and material multi-level utilization; there coexists the idle and lack of waste processing equipment; the tradeoffs between purchasing new raw materials and processing waste comprehensively is difficult due to the imperfectness of relevant laws and regulations so that some enterprises would rather bear the direct discharge cost than make use of these wastes as raw materials. There has been obvious interest conflicts between upstream supply enterprises that supply waste and downstream enterprises that process waste, and between enterprises and government, therefore it is very difficult to coordinate the interest between those vested interest and those struggle for interest. The essence of the phenomenon is that benefit relations between enterprise members have not been straighten and interest conflicts have restricted the effective operation of industrial waste recycling network. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study how to promote interest coordination mechanism of industrial waste recycling network, how the straightening benefit relations between enterprises members, how to resolve conflict risk and pressure, how to evaluate the effect of different interest coordination mechanisms and how to analyze the coupling and symbiosis of different interest coordination mechanisms.This paper, on the topic of enterprise interest coordination mechanism of industrial waste recycling network, and on the basis of literature review, adopts such study methods and means as general equilibrium, game theory, multi-objective programming, cluster analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis and etc., and with the theory of industrial organization, institutional economics, and interest coordination as the foundation. Sticking to the nature and connotation of industry waste recycling network, and along the study train of thought as "interest relationship---influential factors---interest coordination---mechanism design", this paper makes an in-depth analysis layer by layer of interest coordination mechanism between enterprises in the network, and gives empirical studies on the ecological economy in Poyang Lake as an example, reaching the corresponding conclusions.First, this paper gives a comprehensive review of the literatures. There has existed some literatures on symbiotic relationship and coordination mechanism of industrial waste recycling network between enterprises members, which have explored the factors that influence interest in recycling network, and have realized that to establish the coordination mechanism is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of interest distribution. All those results have laid a solid foundation for the research of this paper. But unfortunately, most of the results, from the angle of enterprise members’interest, are simple, qualitative and generalized studies, ignoring the exploration of effective coordination mechanism of recycling network. Those literatures have studied coordination mechanism from the perspective of organization theory, rather than systematically from network perspective. Although some factors affecting interest have been studied in different dimensions, theoretically in-depth analysis on constraint conditions of influencing factors is still absent, and study on boundary, effectiveness and coupling relationship of different coordination mechanism is still unfocused without forming a unified framework and theoretical paradigm, and little study has been made on the matching of interest relationship to coordination mechanism, and on the coupling relationship of different interest coordination mechanism.Secondly, this paper defines the concept of waste recycling network, and proposes that industrial waste recycling network is a complex network form of interaction and cooperation, integration and ecological agglomeration between the mutually matched enterprises to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial by-products. The network has the properties of ecological chain, economic chain, and being hierarchical, network, dynamic.Thirdly, this paper studies the interest relationship evolution between enterprises from their horizontal and vertical relations, and the evolution of the whole network with the view of combining organization mode and the interest mode. Firstly, this paper makes a comprehensive study on vertical and horizontal market structure between enterprises by deductive and inductive methods, and analyzes the main influenced factors of network evolution. Secondly, by some mathematical models, it studies the vertical and horizontal relations and network evolution between enterprises. Studies on competition and cooperation between waste supply enterprises by multi-objective plan has found that, the game strategy of competition and cooperation between waste supply enterprises is relatively simple---waste supply enterprises in the same line tend to be more cooperative in the market, and that for individual enterprises, waste supply can be effectively adjusted according to market changes, the inventory cost and natural attributes of waste. Studies on the interest relationship between waste processing enterprises in the horizontal relationship shows that:when the enterprise has the waste with high value and has power to control the market, processors choose direct channel to process most of the total wastes, then mixed channel model, and least indirect channel. While as to the recycling price, processors pay the highest price in direct channel competition, and then in mixed channel model competition, and lowest in the indirect channel competition. So when the waste is of no value or dangerous, waste processors and recyclers share government subsides together. The higher the degree of competition, the more processor will extend industrial chain and seek stable cooperation, to the contrary, processors tend to choose the indirect channels for cooperation. Then, by evolution theory, it gives analysis on the vertical interest relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises and the evolution conditions. Studies shows that there is an inverted "U" type relationship between waste price and the probability of comprehensive cooperation in a certain range; and that the four elements, including waste supply, direct emissions penalties, processing waste incentive and raw material price, monotonically increase with the probability of comprehensive cooperation and not less than a certain standard; and that four elements, including transaction cost, investment scale, the processing cost, opportunity loss monotonically decrease with the probability of comprehensive cooperation, with a certain upper limit. Finally, by the means of Logistic model, it studies interest relationship between network members. The recycling network is divided into four stages by Logistic model, with characteristics of each stage described and state curve and the growth curve separated to further analyze characteristics of network evolution. This paper analyzes the Equal Type and Dependent Type the symbiotic relations of interest network, and then further studies on the symbiosis evolution mechanism and development path of waste recycling network. On the background of symbiosis, along the thought of "interest drives organizational mode changes and organizational mode changes leads to structure adjustment", this paper studies interest symbiosis shape of industrial waste recycling network, and explores the network evolution path among enterprises by the interest mode, organization mode and network Symbiosis structure.Fourthly, this papers probes the factors that influence the interest of industrial waste recycling network. There are overall9factors that influence enterprise interest in the network. They are in turn government support, direct economic interest, interpersonal factors, geography and infrastructure, technical factors, pressure on the environment, recycling chain factors, management factors and risk factors, in which government support and enterprises direct economic interest are most influential, followed by interpersonal factors in social capital and geography adjacency and infrastructure completeness, and technical factors, pressure on the environment, recycling chain factors, management factors and risk factors are least influential. Study has found that interest mechanism is core to push the industrial waste recycling network construction, while environmental protection pressure is not the main power to drive the formation of resource recycling.Fifth, this paper gives analysis on the connotation and characteristics of interest conflict between enterprises and studies the characteristics and manifestation of interest conflicts between enterprises in industrial waste recycling network. As relationship and influenced factors are the two largest sources of interest conflicts, this paper focuses on structure conflict and operation conflict, and clusters those two kinds of conflicts. Finally, it discussed the relationship between interest conflict and performance in industrial waste recycling network, and furthers an in-depth study on countermeasures and evolution path of interest conflict between enterprises.Sixth, it probes the coordination mechanism of industrial waste recycling network. Studies on coordination mechanism between enterprises by the regression analysis reached some conclusions.(i) Contract coordination has a significantly positive impact on the effectiveness of industrial waste recycling network, in which the clarity of contract clauses and the rigidity of contract performance are significantly positive correlated to overall performance of the network; Studies by regression model shows that, rigidity of contract performance has significantly positive impact on environmental effectiveness; that clarity of contract clauses and flexibility in the unexpected events has no explicit impact on environmental effectiveness; that clarity of contract clauses significantly positive impact on economic, business and social benefits; that rigidity of contract performance has a positive impact on environmental and social effectiveness but has no explicit impact on economic and business benefits.(ii) Relationship coordination has significantly positive impact on the effectiveness of the overall industrial waste recycling network, and joint actions, mutual investment and joint problem solving have a positive impact on overall effectiveness, in which joint actions has a significantly positive impact on the effectiveness of enterprises’ economic and business benefits, and mutual investment has a significantly positive impact on environmental effectiveness, and joint problem solving has no explicit impact on environmental effectiveness, but has explicit impact on the other three benefits.(ⅲ) Relationship coordination and contract coordination are explicitly interactive. Formal contract can promote trust, and trust and cooperation will further enhance the coordination effectiveness and reduce coordination costs.(iv) Government adjustment on industrial waste recycling network between enterprises is effective, but its adjustment on enterprise system construction adjustment is not.Seventh, this paper studies on designation of coordination mechanism of industrial waste recycling network. First, following the thought of "who, what, how to coordinate", this paper designs a "four in one" coordination system integrated the coordination objectives, coordination subject, coordination object and coordination method together; then by the means of relationship coordination, contract coordination and government coordination, it designs the respective interest coordination mechanisms according to different interest relationship, different conflict sources and different phases of industrial waste recycling network; finally, aiming at the present situation of Poyang Lake ecological economic zone, it proposes some suggestions such as forming organizational coordination mechanism for industrial waste recycling network, setting up administrative committee for industrial symbiosis project in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, establishing operation group for industrial symbiosis project in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, improving government regulation system for industrial waste recycling system, setting up plausible interest sharing mechanism, implementing enterprises joint strategy and building sound communication platform.Overall, this paper has made certain innovations in the following aspects:(ⅰ) aiming at the essential features of industrial waste recycling network, this paper has established study framework of "interest relationship---key factors---interest conflicts---interest coordination". With waste development as the linkage, it gives analysis on the interactive process of enterprises member by the method of general equilibrium to realize general equilibrium conditions; from the perspective of multi-gaming subject, this paper has constructed evolutionary game model for symbiotic enterprises cooperation by static analysis (ESS) and dynamic analysis (replicator dynamics equation), and analyzes the interest evolution between upstream and downstream enterprises, government and social forces in the process industrial waste recycling.(ii) This paper has studied the relationship between enterprises coordination and government coordination, and their effectiveness. It probes the inherent mechanisms of different coordination mechanism and analyzes the boundary and logic structure of different coordination mechanisms, and studies the relationship between relationship coordination, contract coordination and government coordination, and further researches the mediating effect that government coordination has on relationship coordination and contract coordination, therefore provides direction for the government effective system design and policy recommendations.(iii) This paper has designed interest coordination mechanism between enterprises in industrial waste recycling network. According to interest relationship, utilization conflicts and characters in different stages in industrial waste recycling network, following the idea of "what to coordinate, who coordinates and how to coordinate", design the coordination mechanism considering different interests, different types of conflicts, and different development phrase of recycling network.Although this paper has made some innovations, there are still some shortcomings at the same time. The study framework of the " interest relationship---key factors-interest conflicts---interest coordination" is established, but no comprehensive empirical studies has been made to test the whole system model, which leads to lack of structure and path analysis and to unsystematic operation of internal system mechanism; theoretical analysis has been made on the relationship between the relationship coordination, contract coordination and government coordination, and clustering and regression methods are adopted, but more in-depth study of coupling mechanism between those three types of coordination, contract coordination and government coordination coupling mechanism is not enough is yet to be made.