Study On Agricultural Waste Recycling Efficiency Evaluation And Industrial Development Mechanism

With the scale, intensive and industrial development of modern agriculture, agricultural products keep increasing in quantity, while agricultural waste emissions also tend to grow rapidly, mainly in crop straw and manure. Additionally, together with property right problem and regulation difficulties, agricultural wastes are used relatively extensive. And direct combustion and arbitrary discard even become common ways, a serious threat to China’s rural ecological environment and improvement in agricultural production and farmers’ living conditions. Facing the waste of resources, ecological crisis and other issues caused by agricultural waste, how the country’s performance in terms of agricultural waste recycling? Which level is collaborative innovation ability at between participating subjects? How to efficiently manage agricultural waste? How to achieve industrialization and large-scale development of agricultural waste recycling with efficiency, sustainability and health? Agricultural waste recycling becomes not only an important part of extending modern agricultural industrial chain and promoting the modernization of agriculture, but also the inherent demand of rural ecological civilization construction. It has attracted great attention at all levels of government departments, also has became hot issue of domestic and foreign scholars. Nowadays, there is increasingly strong demand for development of agricultural waste recycling industry and endless practice mode have been put into practice. Thus, to conduct this research, revealing the existing problems in practice modes, plays an important role in further improving its system construction. That’s the background.Agricultural waste, such as manure, crop stalks and others is the topic of the research issue, which is based on sorting of current domestic agricultural waste recycling patterns and problems. It mainly includes the following aspects. Investigate farmers’ agricultural waste recycling approach, willingness and its influencing factors, through field research, to clarify the main direction of current agricultural waste recycling, and further explore farmer’s perceived ecological benefits of agricultural waste recycling and its factors on above basis.Combined with field survey data, build farmer’s input and output index system to evaluate farmer’s conversion efficiency of agricultural waste utilization, and deeply explore the regional differences, factors and other issues of the agricultural waste recycling performance. Agricultural waste recycling and its industrial development is a systematic project involving relevant stakeholders such as farmers, professional associations, technology promotion departments, agribusiness, industrial management departments and so on. Therefore. Through research interviews, surveys, round tables and other ways to get the input and output data of farmers, professional associations, technology promotion departments and industrial management departments. Then construct evaluation index system, to explore collaborative innovation capacity between subjects through mathematical models, and in-depth understand the existing weakness and direction for future efforts. Discuss and elaborate systematically agricultural waste recycling industry development modes and operation mechanism. Analyze the successful experiences of agricultural waste recycling and industrial development in foreign countries and get a clear direction for the sustainable development of China’s agricultural waste recycling and industrial development. The main research work and conclusions are as follows:(1) Domestic agricultural waste recycling varies in modes and routes, existing many problems and failing to achieve large-scale ecological function.After sorting domestic agricultural waste recycling patterns, we obtained the following findings. According to the carrier body, current domestic agricultural waste recycling modes can be divided into two categories, farmers as the mainstay and enterprises as the mainstay. The former one mainly includes traditional "four in one" pattern, straw matrix pattern and base-dyke agriculture mode, autonomously conducted by farmers in rural areas, while the latter one mainly includes "agriculture-industry (fresh beans processing and breeding, agriculture, industry and trade integration model)" mode and "agriculture-tourism" mode, assisted by enterprises to achieve further extension in industry chain. Furthermore, the latter one organically converging the first industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry is the development trend in the future, and needs more attention in the mode design and construction. In the course of field research, we found that farmers got a wide perception range of agricultural waste, and the majority of them believe agricultural waste is with great potential value of resources, if it achieves conversion and utilization. Second, in recent years, with the continuous progress of ecological civilization construction, agricultural waste recycling related concepts have been widely spreaded in countryside with increasing diversified sources of information. Third, agricultural waste recycling has significant ecological effects, but has not yet caused large-scale agro-dimensional environmental improvements. In recent years, with national policy support and farmer’s increasing eco-environmental awareness, agricultural waste recycling practices and patterns continued to emerge, with remarkable results, yet there still exist many problems in China’s current agricultural waste recycling modes, serious impeding the achievement of scale ecological functions, mainly in following areas:First, in the process of agricultural waste recycling and industrial development, it is lack or absent of government functions, yet to play its leading role, mainly in imperfect policy incentives and legal protection system. Second, it needs "new-type farmers" the ones with knowledge, farming technique and management" in agricultural waste recycling and industrial development, however, farmers are mostly in low cultural quality, coupled with the limitations of traditional peasant mentality and rural history and culture, which lead to their limited cognitive resource value of agricultural waste, further hindering its industrial development. Third, the opportunity cost(compared to migrant workers or incineration) and disposal costs (the cost of technology) are relatively high, while lack of funds. Fourth, most current agricultural waste recycling are demonstration projects, having not achieved large-scale promotion. And relatively backward technical level makes it more difficult to achieve industrial development.(2) The choices of treatment and willingness to different types of agricultural waste exist difference and are affected by individual characteristics of the farmers and the external environmentSurvey data from the choices of treatment and willingness to the crop straw,manure and agricultural waste production shows that:the crop straw are mainly used as feed, fertilizer and energy,and for manure (poultry,pork,beef),the most important treatment is used as fertilizer, while the phenomena of agricultural production waste burning,burying or even discard are quite common,only a small percentage are used as industrial raw materials or for energy processing. The vast majority of farmers expressing their willingness to carry out the conversion of agricultural waste utilization,the survey shows that farmers who are willing to actively participate in agricultural waste recycling have a more profound understanding on resource value and potential of agricultural waste, especially its economic and ecological value,but they are failure in deeply involved in agricultural waste recycling due to the influence of external policy environment,family economic power,technology and other factors. Further study find that the major factors affect agricultural waste treatment choice are gender,farming duration,the existence of centralized waste treatment facility in the village,participation in farmers’ cooperative organizations and the distance to the nearest residence fairs or markets;what’t more the farmers gender,participation in the training,existence of centralized waste treatment facilities and the degree of organization have significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to agricultural waste recycling,however the industry degree has a significant negative impact. So construction of the rural market,infrastructure and rural cooperative organizations play an important role in agricultural waste recycling.In addition,the project research shows that eco-benefits perception on agricultural waste recycling is low,agricultural waste recycling in agriculture dimensional environmental improvement has not triggered large-scale effects;further study found that variables like farmers sex,education,farming life,satisfaction of the highway near by,distance from place of residence to the nearest market or markets.existence of centralized waste treatment facilities and organizations and the degree of organization significantly affect the perceived ecological welfare of farmers.(3) Empirical analysis based on the farmer input-output data show that: farmers agricultural waste recycling performance has a large room for improvement together with large regional differences and is affected by many factorsFarmers is the main carrier of agricultural waste recycling, in this paper three-stage DEA model is applied to measure technical efficiency of farmers agricultural waste recycling, the measurement results indicate that:technical efficiency of agricultural waste substrate utilization is low,there is a big room for improvement, but the lower scale efficiency is the main reason. Regional differences study indicates in a certain degree that factors like a better business environment and the luck have greatly improved agricultural waste recycling performance to some extent, besides the conclusion explains the choice of a three-stage DEA model has certain science and rationality.In addition, project research show that the improved degree of specialization,the degree of organization and infrastructure construction and other aspects conducive to enhancing agricultural waste recycling performance,the promotion of organization degree help to improve purely technical efficiency in the development of industrial substrate process,and improvement in education level of farmers,the degree of specialization and surrounding infrastructure of organization can boost the scale efficiency in mushroom industrial. (4)Information asymmetry and interest demands differences exist in the main participation subjects in agricultural waste recycling and collaborative innovation performance among subjects is low,in a"coordinated and generally effective"state,and the low efficiency in farmers and extension departments become the main causeTaking the core stakeholders of agricultural waste recycling processas an object of analysis, in a dynamic game model,the research has illustrated that:information asymmetry and interest demands differences exist in the main participation body in agricultural waste recycling,which lead to restricted agricultural waste recycling,industrial development and large-scale achievement of ecological functions.Furthermore,we found that collaborative innovation capacity of body participated in agricultural waste substract recycling in16provinces and autonomous regions is as a whole in" Coordination and generally effective " state,while they are in the " inconsistent" state in most provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions).Through deep into regional agricultural waste recycling input-output behavior of participating subjects,we found that households and technology promotion department with low efficiency the main factor affects the ability of collaborative innovation of participating subjects in agricultural waste substract recycling.(5) The industrial development mode of agricultural waste recycling has been taking shape, but industrial development and operation mechanism are not perfectBased on the existing agricultural waste recycling mode, with the further optimization and improvement, we proposed the concept of the agricultural waste recycling industrial development mode and detailed its operation mechanism. We attempted to construct the edible fungus industry as the core of agricultural waste substrate recycling industry development. And based on this, we discussed the operation mechanism of the agricultural waste substrate recycling industrial development mode, then proposed to build a modern agricultural waste substrate recycling industrial development operation mechanism which including the incentive mechanism, dynamic mechanism, investment mechanism and balance mechanism. Then, we expounded the connotation and the operation mechanism of incentive mechanism, dynamic mechanism, investment mechanism and balance mechanism.This paper finally proposed these practical policy suggestions:cultivating new industry main subject system, building the perfect economy incentive policy system, gradually improving the legal system, and creating the perfect rural market, giving full play to the regulating role of market mechanism, strengthening the medium and long-term plans of agricultural waste recycling industry development and making it more scientificThe main innovations are as follows:(1) The novelty of research perspective. Different from the traditional subject behavior performance evaluation, this study is based on the perspective of industrial linkage, and explores the agricultural waste substrate recycling industrial linkage performance and its influencing factors, which focuses on measuring the farmers’ input and output performance eliminating the effects of environmental variables and random error. Meanwhile, based on the perspective of collaborative innovation, this study explores the collaborative innovation performance of main participant bodies in agricultural waste substrate recycling, which including farmers, technical generalization departments, professional associations and property management departments, and provides data support for agricultural waste substrate recycling towards industrialization and scale development. There is a certain novelty in research perspective.(2) There are some innovations in the research methods application. Using dynamic game model to explore the game equilibrium of the main participant bodies in agricultural waste substrate recycling, and the main participation bodies’interest demands can be clearly understood. In the farmers’behavior performance measure, eliminating the effects of environmental variables and random error, we use three stage DEA model to make the technical efficiency analytical judgment of regional household behavior more objective and accurate. This paper firstly adopts the two-step model (DEA-HR) of "three coordinated" to measure the collaborative innovation performance of the main bodies within the industry and the coordinated development degree of main participant bodies in agricultural waste substrate recycling. There are some innovations in the research methods application(3) This paper has innovations on the research content, and gets valuable conclusions. Based on the perspectives of industrial linkage and collaborative innovation, we explore the behavior performance and synergetic development, and measure the degree of development coordination bodies. There is a certain innovation in the research content. The final results show that the farmers’ technical efficiency is low, and it still has larger space to promote, and the scale efficiency is the major cause. The related bodies’collaborative innovation ability is in the "coordinated and effective" state as a whole, and the main reason which influences the main participant bodies’ collaborative innovation ability in the agricultural waste substrate recycling is the low efficiency of farmers and technical generalization departments.