Efficiency Calculation And Influence Factors Of Two-oriented Development Of Industry

ABSTRACT:China’s economy has been developing by leaps and bounds since China introduced reform and opening-up. However, the conflicts between the economic development and resources&environment have become increasingly serious, particularly with the acceleration of industrialization and the rapid growth of the consumption of resources in inefficient ways.Confronting the grim situations of strengthening resource constraints, the serious environmental pollution and the degradation of ecosystem, in2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly put forward for the first time that we should accelerate the construction of a resource-conservation and environment-friendly society (hence," two-oriented society ") in order to promote a coordinated development between the economy and population, resources and environment. In2007, the Report of the17th National Congress of the CPC proposed that the industrial structure, the pattern of economic growth and the model of consumption with the orientation of conserving energy resources and protecting environment should have taken their shapes by2020. What’s more, in2012, the Report of the18th National Congress of the CPC expounded that the concept of ecological civilization, i.e., respecting nature, complying with nature and protecting nature, should be firmly established, and the construction of ecological civilization should be placed in a more prominent position and be integrated into the construction of economy, politics, culture and other social respects.To construct the "two-oriented society" is an essential way to change the extensive mode of economic growth, which is notorious for its excessive resources consumption, low outputs and serious environmental pollution, and to alleviate the enormous pressure on environmental resources, caused by the rapid economic growth, the acceleration of industrialization, and the rapid escalation of consumption. Industry is the cornerstone of regional economy and sustainable development of society; therefore to develop resource-conservation and environment-friendly industries (hence,"two-oriented industries") is essential to the construction of "two-oriented society". Accordingly, this dissertation focuses on the construction of the "two-oriented industries ".Based on related researches, this dissertation defines the concept of the "two-oriented industries" and constructs an index system to evaluate the construction of the "two-oriented industries", which enriches the related studies of "the two-oriented society". Accordingly, from the perspectives of regions and trades, it assesses the status quo of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" in China. Finally, it raises some countermeasures and suggestions. The major research achievements of this dissertation are as follows:First of all, this dissertation theoretically analyzes the factors that affect the construction of the "two-oriented industries" from the four aspects of economy, technology, structure and rules and regulations.From the perspective of economy, it is essential to develop resources and environment reasonably in the construction of the "two-oriented industries". Resources and environment are of external diseconomy, so when the market subjects make decisions on various levels of productions and consumptions, they always give prior considerations to costs and profits in terms of how to maximize their own benefits, which results in the exclusion of the social cost of their production and consumption from the internal cost accounting of their activities. Consequently, resources and environment are commonly of excessive exploitation. From the perspective of technology, the construction of the "two-oriented industries" must be based on specific technologies, such as information technology, water reutilization technology, and integrated utilization of energy, recovery and recycling technology, etc. From the perspective of structure, the construction of the "two-oriented industries" are influenced by the structure of the light and heavy industries, that of the scales of industries, that of the factor intensity of industries, and so on. From the perspective of rules and regulations, laws and regulations are the institutional guaranties for the construction of the "two-oriented industries ". With proper environmental control, enterprises will be stimulated to make technological innovations, which in turn will promote the construction of the "two-oriented industries "Secondly, this dissertation establishes an index system to evaluate the efficiency of construction of the "two-oriented industries ". It divides input into resources input, energy input and environment pollution, and it defines output as economic output. By using the super-efficiency DEA model, it measures the level of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" in China from the perspectives of regions and trades. On such a basis, this dissertation clusters the evaluation objects with cluster analysis in order to test their convergence. What’s more, this dissertation constructs an influential-factor analysis model including the aspects of technology development, industrial structure, environment control, etc., and accordingly, it empirically analyzes the influential factors in the construction of the " two-oriented industries "Thirdly, the results in terms of regions show that the efficiencies of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" in the30provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are of cone distribution, and most of them are of average level. With cluster analysis, the30provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are classified into high, average and low efficiency regions. And the tendencies of the construction of the " two-oriented industries" in different regions are of diversities. Additionally, technological progresses, the proportion of industries with high and new technologies, and the citizens’environment appeal all positively affect the efficiency of the construction of the "two-oriented industries", however, the proportion of the heavy industries negatively affects it. Meanwhile, the variables related to the environment control and those related to the degree of openness to the outside world lead to unstable results in various measurements.Fourthly, the results in terms of trades show that the efficiencies of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" in36trades are of cone distribution, and most of them are of average level. With cluster analysis, the36trades are classified into high, average and low efficiency ones. And the tendencies of the construction of the "two-oriented industries " in different trades are of diversities. In addition, technological progresses, structures of scales, those of energies, and environmental regulations are positive to the promotion of the efficiency of the construction of the "two-oriented industries", unfortunately, the foreign direct investment usually degrades it. Furthermore, the results of quantile regression suggest that the factors affect the efficiency of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" discrepantly when an industry is in different stages of development.Last, according to the status quo of the construction of the "two-oriented industries" in China, this dissertation puts forward some countermeasures and strategies.