Research On The Path Of Grain Production Technology Progress In China

The progress of grain production technology is the basic support to ensure the national food security,the inevitable choice to break through the constraints of resources and environment,and the decisive force to accelerate the construction of agricultural modernization.At present,the goal of food security has changed from single quantity security to multiple goals,which requires that the mode and path of grain production technology progress must be strategically adjusted in order to effectively deal with the difficulties and challenges faced by grain production.So,in the new historical period,what kind of technology is more in line with China's national conditions and the characteristics of the times,and more meet the needs of the new era of food security? The premise to answer this question is to have a scientific grasp of the historical evolution of China's grain production technology progress,that is,in a certain historical period,what are evolution characteristics and internal mechanism? And what problems have been ignored by previous studies? Under the background of the new era,what rules will the evolution of grain production technology present? In order to answer the above questions,based on the induced technological change theory and factor misallocation theory,this paper uses stochastic frontier production function model to analyze the technology progress path of China's grain production.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:First,based on the situational analysis framework of “Historical situation-Institutional frameworkIncentive mechanism-Technological choice”,the study explores that the technological progress path of the grain production in China since reform and opening up has experienced two kinds of change rhythm:leapfrog technological progress(1978-1985 and 2012 years)and progressive technology progress(1985-2011).The transformation of production and management mode by institutional incentives is the main driving force of leapfrog technological progress.Progressive technology progress mainly depends on the promotion of single factor technological progress.From the perspective of the evolution of factor combination,the single technological progress that has played a significant role in promoting China's grain production is breeding technology,fertilizer related technology and mechanical technology.The evolution of the technological progress path presents the logic of “Institutional incentive-Technological innovation-Factor allocation optimization-Forming new factor combination”.The internal mechanism of the evolution includes aspects:the main driving force of the evolution of the technological progress path is to stimulate the vitality of elements,the main analysis line is the comparison of technology cost and benefit,and the fluctuation intensity depends on the matching degree of macro and micro goals.Second,based on the stochastic frontier model of trans-logarithmic production function,the broad sense technological progress rate of grain from 2000 to 2018 was 1.7% on average,from high to low:middle indica rice(2.72%),wheat(2.45%),japonica rice(1.73%),early indica rice(1.27%),late indica rice(1.07%)and maize(0.97%).The fluctuation of the broad sense technological progress is slowing down,and narrow sense technological progress is still the main driving force for the technological progress of China's grain production.The technological progress of grain crops in the eastern,central,western and northeast regions shows a weak bias,which indicates a bias to use mechanical technology and a bias to(use or save)breeding technology.According to the calculation results of factor misallocation indices,most of the factors in grain production are in the state of over-investment.Third,taking Hulunbuir Farm Recreation Group as an example,it is found that,without considering factor allocation efficiency,the TFP growth rate of the agricultural land allocation mode operated by collective organizations was higher than that of the household contract decentralized management mode,and the agricultural land allocation efficiency of the former was higher than that of the latter,but the technical efficiency of the family decentralized management mode was stronger.Based on the findings,this study puts forward the following policy recommendations: strengthen the accuracy of agricultural subsidy policy,explore the potential of production technology;improve the guarantee mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation,improve the innovation quality;strengthen the construction of infrastructure and service system to resist natural disasters,reduce the impact of disasters on technological progress;stimulate the vitality of agricultural financial market,optimize the allocation of agricultural resources;give full play to the overall advantages of collective organizations,improve the allocation efficiency of production factors.