Research On Innovation Mode Of Transformation In Resource-Dependent Cities

Since the industrial revolution,as the human society are stepping into the era of industrial civilization,the rise and development of resource-based cities has been observed worldwide.However,with the consumption of non-renewable resources,transition of resource-based cities has become the focus as well as the bottleneck to various economies and societies.The rise of resource-based cities relied heavily on non-renewable resources during the development process of industrial civilization,and has since formed their leading industries with resource extraction and primary processing.Essentially,these cities are at risk of recession after entering their post-resource stage.Therefore to achieve a smooth transition has become a major concern for these resource-based cities.During the period of China's planned economy,the central government's strategic policy,which has focused on the development of heavy industry,has formed a certain national positioning for resource-based cities.The major goal has long been configured to improve the amount of resources and to complete the allocation of resources,resulting in these cities' highly singular industrial structure,weak resource processing capacity,insufficient development of tertiary industry and imbalanced proportion of industries.From a long-term point of view,the trend in industry structure changes of resource-based cities lagged behind the overall trend of China's industrial structure change,with traditional characteristics of industrialization is still very evident.For many resource-based cities,once its pillar industry or enterprise is subject to recession,economy of the entire city economy would be in crisis,hence affecting the city's overall sustainable development.Cities,either traditional industrial or resource-based,will face restructuring issues when developed to a certain stage.Urban transformation has always been the major turning point for development direction and the change in development model.The world's important resource-based cities such as Houston of the US,the Ruhr district of Germany,Lorraine of France,Kitakyushu and Yubari of Japan etc.,have all had to face adjustment and transformation in industrial structure,urban functions,urban construction during development.Those successful practices and experiences can be studied to bring some references and inspirations for many cities of our country.The innovative transformation model of resource-based cities,in principle,is a standard innovation form for resource-based city transformation.The design of innovative urban transformation model for resource-based cities needs to get rid of dependence on mineral resources and to constantly improve the city's management system and operational mechanism innovation,at the same time further optimize the internal functions and find the internal function support forces needed by urban transformation.It is important to look for motivation support from external areas to boost the industrial transformation of resource-based cities.Based on this,the innovation model of urban transformation for resource-based cities relies on its inherent capabilities coupled with its external area.Innovative transformation model of resource-based cities has the following targets: First,to promote all aspects of social production to meet the basic balance.The second target is to promote a balance between material production and human life in resource-based city development.The third is to promote a balance between the social production systems and natural ecosystems.The fourth is to promote a balance between the industrial civilization and ecological civilization for the development of resource-based cities.Innovative transformation model of resource-based cities has its inherent mechanism:First,the migration mechanism features internal function coupled with external area.Second,the industry gathering and diffusion mechanism features internal function coupled with external area.Third,the land usage mechanism features internal function coupled with external area.The motive forces for resource-based cities' innovative transformation model include exogenous and endogenous forces.Exogenous motive force comes mainly from external assistance mechanism.Endogenous force covers four areas: top-level design innovation,energy innovation,system innovation economy and spatial layout innovation.Resource-based cities' innovative transformation model gains industry support from the following: First,the development of industrial connection mode;second,the development of alternative models of industry;third,the development of industrial load mode.Innovative transformation model of resource-based cities has the following supporting policies: First,inclusive transition policy support;Second,difference transformation policy support.During policy implementation,policy instruments should be clear.Industry update policies should be selected in accordance with individual circumstances.Government should choose alternative an industry that does not rely much on the original resource and also reflects the comparative advantages of local industries.External resource can be made use of directly to implant the new industry and gradually establish a new urban industry system as well as connotation capabilities through implementing internal policies and systems,to respect the realistic differential-policy orientation thus reengineer new competitive advantages for cities.