Research On The Intergenerational Transmission Mechanism Of Income Inequality And Public Policy

Inequality is a major political issue and social problem that has existed since history.It is also an important economic issue.It's a part of our lives.The extent and evolution of inequality continue to be of great concern to researchers in sociology,economics,politics,philosophy and other disciplines,as well as to practitioners in government agencies around the world,especially the role of government intervention in these processes.Relevant research involves many different dimensions,from unequal socio-political status to income inequality,wealth inequality,to gender,health,race,and other aspects of personal rights inequality,countless studies.The emergence of intergenerational transmission research provides a vertical causal mechanism explanation for income inequality from a dynamic perspective,which helps to find a deeper countermeasure to reduce inequality.Therefore,this article chooses the intergenerational transmission mechanism of income inequality as the starting point.Research is based on the design of public policies that improve intergenerational continuity to reduce income inequality.Income inequality requires not only observing the inequality of opportunity and the lack of effort.The division of equality,which runs through the intergenerational transmission of wealth,education,occupation and behavior.A closer study of its root should be the inequality in the possession and use of resource endowments.Using the logic of "resource,power,distribution",we can deeply dig into the internal mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of income inequality,and solve the current issue of income inequality intergenerational continuity's dilemma of "Only knowing its existence,but not knowing its essence,makes it difficult to find effective policies".In summary,this article uses income distribution theory and intergenerational transmission theory as a starting point to reveal the internal mechanism of intergenerational transmission under the background of high income inequality,obvious class differentiation,and increasingly serious and difficult to overcome intergenerational transmission.In order to cut the entrance,we can see through how the advantages and disadvantages of the resources held by the parents are transferred to the children,and finally,explore the policy design space in which the reasonable or unreasonable parts of the public policy can be encouraged or controlled in this process.On the premise of controllable policies,the material resources,educational resources,social resources and cultural resources are divided from the resource level,and the corresponding four generations of wealth,education,occupation and behavior are analyzed in depth.The first three paths focus on the unequal results of the parents resulting in unequal opportunities for the offspring,and the last one is the unequal efforts of the offspring caused by family behavior.Although it is difficult to separate each other,in order to analyze the transmission mechanism of each path from the root cause,the mathematical model is still managed to control each other in the process of building the mathematical model.The reason for choosing mathematical models and game theory analysis methods is to avoid the endogenousness of data,and to highlight the mastery of causal mechanism and the detailed provision of public policy design basis in the process of general equilibrium comparison and behavioral games.The key work of this paper is the description and policy research of the four intergenerational transmission paths of inequality:The first is the intergenerational transfer of wealth.As the most direct and most obvious path,it must be the primary research position.The internal intergenerational transfer and external intergenerational transfer of family material resources are used as the analysis logic,and the bequest tax and charitable donation subsidy mechanism are introduced to establish a general Equilibrium model,explore how to transform the unreasonable transfer of wealth to reasonable,consider levying inheritance and gift tax,design charitable donation system as a supporting policy,alleviate the disadvantages of inheritance tax,push bequest to donation,and change the intergenerational transfer of wealth while taking into account the society development;The second is the intergenerational transmission of education.In recent years,the limelight has gradually surpassed the path of wealth inheritance.The discussion is based on the logic of public and private investment in educational resources,and the relative educational quality of public educational investment and the degree of equality in the acquisition of educational resources are established on the basis of individual human capital accumulation of the general equilibrium model.To study how the public education system with the goal of social fair development restrains private education institutions whose purpose is to maximize market benefits.In the past,the provision of educational resources has generally been completed,and it should be gradually turned to focus on the balance of education quality,consider extending compulsory education and include vocational skills and specialty training.When learning content is saturated,there will be no use of private institutions,so as to reduce income inequality while meeting long-term economic benefits;The third is the transmission of occupations between generations,the most challenging path to social justice,which can amplify the intergenerational effect of wealth and education,and establish children from different families based on the role of parents' social resources in the child's job search process.The evolutionary game model in the job search process exposes the internal mechanism of the role of intergenerational connections in career choice,discusses the labor market policy conditions needed to form an ESS equilibrium that is conducive to social equity and development,and shows that public policy can be from the perspective of the fair employment opportunities and employment service guide,vigorously promote personal employment probability,thereby inhibiting the role of family social relations,effectively transforming occupational intergenerational transmission,and improving income inequality;The fourth is the intergenerational transmission of behavior.As a path of unequal efforts beyond the first three unequal opportunities,it is necessary to explain the path of intergenerational transmission of intangible resources after the transmission of the three tangible resources.In this paper,the integration of intangible resources such as cognition,concept,atmosphere,and training habits required for behavior acquisition are called cultural resources.Combining learning game thinking,analyzing different cultural construction policy choices,how to influence the final evolutionary outcome of intergenerational transmission of behavior between father and son,indicating that the informal government system can bridge the cultural differences between families through social "oblique/horizontal cultural transmission".Raise the children's self-development expectations and efforts,and strengthen the belief of the lower class to leap forward.Finally,considering that the government governs economic and political "rules of the game" by virtue of the coerciveness of political power and the guidance of informal power,it is necessary to include the public policy variables involved in the study of the intergenerational transmission mechanism of income inequality.Actually,otherwise it will only show up as an overly theoretical policy design,and it will be difficult to provide an effective basis for implementation.Therefore,based on the basic national conditions of our country,this paper summarizes and analyzes the practical conception of relevant public policies,supplemented by the reference of international experience,including the formal inheritance,gift tax and charitable donation system,public education policy,labor market policy and informal cultural system policy.The Chinese government "always puts the interests of the people in the first place",which gives this article reason to believe that the government's administrative power and informal power are sufficient to balance the intergenerational power differences formed by the transmission of resources from different generations within the family.Despite the emergence of an increasingly compacted social class in the rapid economic development,the descendants of the lower class will inevitably have to go against the wind,but our public policy will give the disadvantaged children a boost to the downwind and create a fair competition track.At the same time,encourage and assist children to participate in the competition,and lend a helping hand to those who are unable to compete due to force majeure.If specific policies can be implemented properly to block the intergenerational continuity of income inequality,it is not impossible to achieve the common development of social equity and economic efficiency.