| The prosperity of digital economy and service economy has intensified the trend of industrial integration and development,and the concept of open and sharing has become increasingly popular.More and more enterprises choose to build competitive advantages by strengthening the interaction with other participants.Service ecosystem is an A2A(act to act,actor to actor)oriented system,which emphasizes that value is generated in interaction.It brings a wide range of economic and social participants into the category of resource integrators and value co-creators,and becomes a new perspective to explore the formation of competitive advantages of enterprises.In recent years,the practice of service ecosystem has been continuously enriched.In the list of the world's most valuable brands published by Brand Finance in 2021,the top three(Apple,Amazon and Google)are all enterprises with the vision of ecosystem and the ability to lead the ecosystem.Therefore,it is of practical significance to explore the formation of enterprise competitive advantage from the perspective of service ecosystem.However,the existing research on service ecosystem lags far behind the practical development,and more attention is focused on the symbiotic relationship between enterprises and ecosystem.Although the service ecosystem breaks the boundary between creator and destroyer in the original value creation and innovation activities and emphasizes A2 A orientation,there are still differences in the status and role of actors in the ecosystem,which affect the distribution of benefits.It is still crucial for enterprises to gain competitive advantages.By combing relevant literatures of service ecosystem,it can be found that compared with tangible operand resources,intangible and dynamic operant resources(such as knowledge,technology,relationships,etc.)are the reasons for the effect.Operant resource-based capabilities relate to the efficiency and effect of enterprise activities in the service ecosystem and are important factors affecting the formation of competitive advantage.Based on this,from the perspective of service ecosystem,this study explores the mechanism of operant resource-based capabilities on competitive advantage,focusing on three questions.Firstly,how does the operant resource-based capabilities of an enterprise in the service ecosystem affect the formation and promotion of competitive advantage.Secondly,what is the way to realize the mechanism of operant resource-based capabilities on competitive advantage.Thirdly,are there contingency factors in the process of enterprise realizing competitive advantage through operant resource-based capabilities.In order to answer these questions,this research adopts the method of combining theoretical research with empirical research and qualitative research with quantitative research.First of all,the literature related to service ecosystem,competitive advantage,operant resource-based capabilities,value co-creation,service innovation,and sharing institutions are reviewed and analyzed.It has laid a theoretical foundation for the research.Secondly,the grounded theory is used to analyze the cases of W,H and B,three typical enterprises in different industries and different positions in the service ecosystem,to explore the model framework of the research.Thirdly,based on the results of the exploratory case study,combined with the resource-based view,dynamic capability theory and service dominant logic theory,an integrated model and31 research hypotheses are proposed.Finally,451 valid questionnaires were collected,and regression analysis and Bootstrap analysis were used to test the hypotheses.The following conclusions are drawn in this study: First,operant resource-based capabilities lay a foundation for the effective activities of enterprises in the service ecosystem and play a positive role in promoting their competitive advantages.Its four dimensions,resource identification,value proposition,participation and cooperation,and influence system all have positive influence on competitive advantage.Secondly,value co-creation is a general form of value creation in service ecosystem,and value co-creation and its two dimensions of cooperative production and value in use have a positive impact on competitive advantage.Moreover,value co-creation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between operant resource-based capabilities and competitive advantage.Third,service innovation is related to the long-term development of enterprises and can positively affect the competitive advantage of enterprises.And service innovation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between operant resource-based capabilities and competitive advantage.Fourthly,sharing institutions can strengthen the positive influence of operant resource-based capabilities on value co-creation and service innovation.However,there are some differences between the three dimensions.In terms of moderating the relationship between operant resource-based capabilities and value co-creation,both the rule dimension and the cognitive dimension positively moderated the effect of operant resource-based capabilities on value co-creation,while the normative dimension had no significant moderating effect.In terms of moderating the relationship between operant resource-based capabilities and service innovation,both normative dimension and cognitive dimension positively moderated the impact of operant resource-based capabilities on service innovation,while the moderating effect of rule dimension was not significant.Fifth,the sharing institutions positively moderate the mediating effect of value co-creation between operant resource-based capabilities and competitive advantage,and it also positively moderates the mediating effect of service innovation between operant resource-based capabilities and competitive advantage.From the perspective of service ecosystem,this study takes the enterprises in the service ecosystem as the research object,and explores the relationship among competitive advantage,operant resource-based capabilities,value co-creation,service innovation and sharing institutions.It has certain theoretical and practical significance.Firstly,this study focuses on the formation and enhancement of enterprises' competitive advantages and explores the deep relationship between operant resource-based capabilities and competitive advantage in the service ecosystem.What' more this study clarifies the impact of operant resource-based capabilities and its various dimensions on competitive advantage.Secondly,the paper explores the influence path of operant resource-based capabilities on competitive advantage,and identifies two mediating variables,value co-creation and service innovation.Thirdly,the paper explores contingency factors of operant resource-based capabilities' effect on competitive advantage,identifies the moderating variable of sharing institutions,and enriches the integrated model of operant resource-based'effect on competitive advantage.In addition,this study has certain practical significance: firstly,it helps enterprises to break the shackles of the original goods-dominant logic,view the development of enterprises from the perspective of service ecosystem,and formulate development strategies with the perspective of ecosystem;Secondly,research helps enterprises to develop and improve their competitive advantages by cultivating and effectively using operant resource-based capabilities.Thirdly,research helps enterprises to form a value creation model in line with the tide of digital economy and service economy,and realize value co-creation through interaction and cooperation with actors;Fourthly,research helps enterprises to carry out service innovation with an open and sharing attitude and reduce the problem of separation between technological innovation and market innovation.Fifthly,research can help enterprises better understand the role of sharing institutions and avoid risks in cross-cultural and trans-regional cooperation. |
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