The Impact Of Import Penetration On Market Entry Of Manufacturing Enterprises ——Based On Import Scale And Import Structure

With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world,import penetration caused by trade liberalization has become an important factor affecting the market entry of manufacturing enterprises.According to the existing research,the positive economic effect of import penetration on manufacturing enterprises is mainly reflected in three aspects: first,improving productivity,import penetration helps to promote manufacturing industry to improve total factor productivity by increasing product diversity;second,improving technology level,import penetration can improve the overall technology level of manufacturing industry through technology spillover effect;third,increasing trade profits,import penetration can improve economic efficiency by redistributing market resources.At the same time,import penetration has two negative economic effects on manufacturing enterprises: one is to intensify the degree of market competition and squeeze the survival space of local enterprises,resulting in the reduction of total employment and the decline of employee welfare in manufacturing industry;the other is to inhibit the possibility of enterprise innovation.Through the production complementary effect,import penetration makes local enterprises produce dependence psychology,thus reducing R ? D investment.From the perspective of further promoting trade liberalization,deepening the understanding of import penetration effect and its mechanism is an important basis for formulating policies to crack and eliminate various barriers to free trade.In particular,China has entered a new stage of development.Implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern are the key tasks of China's economic development in the medium and long term.Expanding imports is an important starting point for building a new pattern of opening up.Does import penetration have incentive effect or inhibition effect on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises? How will import penetration affect the market entry of manufacturing enterprises? What factors are related to the impact of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises? This paper will try to answer the above questions through research.Firstly,based on the detailed review and absorption of previous studies,combined with the development of China's import trade and manufacturing industry,this paper systematically analyzes the impact mechanism of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of scale and structure.Secondly,empirically tests the impact of import scale penetration and import structure penetration on the market entry of China's manufacturing enterprises.Finally,analyzes the impact mechanism of import penetration on the market entry of China's manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of scale and structure,the textile and clothing industry,automobile industry and medical instrument industry are selected to represent the lowtech,medium-tech and high-tech manufacturing industry in China for case analysis to verify whether the empirical test results of this paper are consistent with the actual economic operation.The structure of this paper is divided into eight chapters: the first chapter is the introduction,which describes the research background and significance of this paper,defines and explains the two core concepts of import penetration and enterprise market entry,combs the research content,research framework and research methods of this paper,and puts forward the innovation of this paper.The second chapter is the research review,which respectively reviews the theoretical and empirical research on the impact of enterprise market entry,the economic effect of import penetration on manufacturing enterprises,and the related research on the impact of import penetration on enterprise market entry.Based on the literature review,this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic review on the existing research.The third chapter is the development status of China's import trade and manufacturing industry,including the development status of China's import trade,the development status of China's manufacturing industry,the characteristics and facts of China's regional import penetration and the market entry of manufacturing sub industry enterprises.The fourth chapter is the mechanism analysis of the impact of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises.It analyzes the impact mechanism and expected effect of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of import scale and import structure.The fifth chapter is an empirical study on the impact of import scale penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises,and further verifies the conclusion through the robustness test,mechanism test and heterogeneity test.The sixth chapter is an empirical study on the impact of import structure penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises.It studies the impact of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of import commodity structure and import source structure.The seventh chapter is a case study on the impact of import penetration on the market entry of low-tech,medium-tech and high-tech manufacturing enterprises represented by China's textile and clothing industry,automobile industry and medical instrument industry.The eighth chapter is the conclusion,policy implications and research prospects.The innovation of this paper is reflected in the following aspects: first,from the perspective of enterprise market entry to investigate the economic effect of import trade.The existing studies on the measurement of import trade economic effect mainly focus on factor redistribution,productivity improvement,enterprise price markup reduction,product diversity increase,etc.This paper expands the connotation of import trade economic effect from the perspective of enterprise market entry.The second is to regard demand heterogeneity as an important transmission mechanism of import penetration effect.Previous studies have relatively ignored the demand heterogeneity effect of import penetration.Based on the demand heterogeneity,this paper constructs an analysis framework of the impact of import scale penetration on enterprise market entry choice,which provides a new explanation for enterprise market entry research from the perspective of import penetration.The third is to study the impact of import penetration on enterprises from the perspective of import structure.Existing studies pay more attention to the impact of import scale on local enterprises.This paper studies the impact of import penetration on enterprises from the perspective of import commodity structure and import source structure,which enriches the research perspective of import penetration.This paper draws the following conclusions:Firstly,through the mechanism analysis,it is found that the impact of import penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises is multiple: import scale penetration mainly affects the market entry of enterprises through the effect of demand heterogeneity;import structure penetration mainly affects the market entry of enterprises through the effect of market competition,technology spillover,production complementarity and resource allocation.Secondly,through the empirical study on the impact of import scale penetration on manufacturing enterprise market entry,it is found that: from the perspective of import scale,import penetration has a significant inhibitory effect on manufacturing enterprise market entry,and demand heterogeneity is an important transmission mechanism of import scale penetration.Through the Heterogeneity test,it is found that the manufacturing industries with high threshold of fixed capital investment,high intensity of water pollution,low scientific and technological content and low degree of marketization in their regions,as well as the stage of intensive tariff reduction after China's entry into WTO,the negative influence of import scale penetration on enterprises is more significant.Thirdly,through the empirical study on the influence of import structure penetration on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises,it is found that: from the perspective of import structure,import penetration has a significant inhibitory effect on the market entry of manufacturing enterprises.At the same time,the influence heterogeneity of import commodity structure penetration and import source structure penetration depends on different factors.Fourthly,through the case study,it is found that import penetration has inhibitory effect on the market entry of low-tech,medium-tech,and high-tech manufacturing enterprises in China,but the influence mechanism is different.Combined with the conclusions of the study,this thesis puts forward the following policy recommendations: first,expand imports actively and make full use of the positive effects of import penetration;second,guide import reasonably and prevent the negative effect of import penetration effectively;third,deal with the negative impact of import penetration on different industries of manufacturing industry;fourth,accurate support and proper handling of the adverse impact of import penetration on domestic manufacturing enterprises.