Research On The Diversified Supply Of Rural Public Goods In Southwest My Country

In China,agriculture is the main industry,which is the fundamental and strategic industry in the whole national economy.Along with the background of rural revitalization strategy,ensuring urban and rural residents enjoy basic equal public services is the antecedent to realize agricultural and rural modernization development.While the change of welfare state of social economy is attributed to the quantity and quality of public service supply affect the development condition of national economy and the level of national income.However,the supply and demand of basic public services in China has been in an unbalanced state for a long period.Inequality in basic public services between different regions,especially between urban and rural areas,has become an increasingly prominent contradiction.In the early years of new China,under the severe domestic and international situation,the development of heavy industry became the national development strategy.Agriculture contributes a lot to the economy development.In recent decades,China has formed modern urban economy characterized by large industrial production and small-scale peasant economy with a dual social and economic structure.In terms of development and construction,the state's public investment and various benefits are significantly to support the relatively rapid economic development in city,which leads to the big gap of rural areas in various construction projects.During this period,the rural public goods supply experienced several stages.However,the supply and demand of basic public services in rural areas are still in a state of imbalance,and the unequal status of such basic public services has become an increasingly prominent social contradiction with the emergence of “sannong” issues.As the basis for solving the “sannong” issues,the supply of rural public goods is of great significance for realizing the goal of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas,implementing the rural revitalization strategy.Public service is one of the important contents of national income distribution.The promotion of equal distribution of public services is an important aspect of equal distribution of national income,which can enhance social and economic welfare and promote the maximization of social welfare.Protecting rural residents' right to subsistence,enjoying basic equal public services and respecting the right to express the needs of rural public goods is notonly an important content of respecting farmers' democratic rights,but also an important aspect of solving “sannong” issues.There is still a big gap between the equalization of basic public service supply in southwest China and the eastern and central regions,and which is still widening.Given the special geographical,political,cultural and ecological status of southwest China,the widening of this gap will become more prominent with the emergence of some uncertain and disharmonious factors,which will contribute more problems to social stability.First,as an important gathering area of minorities in China,southwest China mainly covers the autonomous regions in five provinces including Sichuan,Tibet,Yunnan,Guizhou and Chongqing.And most of the district are rural areas,which is an important energy and mineral base and ecological protection area in China,and has made great contributions to China's sustainable economic development,border stability and ecological environment protection.Also,Southwest China is one of the regions where ethnic minorities gather intensively,and it is also an underdeveloped region,which is still relatively backward compared with the east.Southwest China includes Qinba mountain area,Wuling mountain area,Wumeng mountain area,Yunnan,Guanxi and Guizhou rocky desertification area,western Yunnan border mountainous area,and Tibetan areas in the four provinces with many concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken areas.In addition,China has constructed a strategic pattern of ecological security with “two screens and three belts” as the main body.In recent years,due to restrictions of specific location,natural conditions,history and social environment,the economic development level of southwest region lags that of the eastern region,and the imbalance of public goods supply,especially in rural areas,has become a prominent problem that needs to be solved urgently.In terms of the existing severity shortage supply of rural public goods,unable to meet requirements on modern rural economy,insufficiency of funds,hindering the solution of “sannong”issues and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy,this study aims to carry out the following research.First,introduction and basic analysis.In this section,background,purpose,research status,methods are presented.Based on the theory of public goods,public goods supply,rural public goods supply mode,this study defines the concept of rural public goods and its research category.Second,analysis on the present situation and investment efficiency of rural public goods single supplier in southwest China.Based on the previous literature and theaccurate classification of rural public goods in southwest China,this section attempts to study the investment efficiency and structural efficiency of different types of rural public goods.Third,the theoretical logic of diversification of rural public goods supply and judgment of practical basis in southwest China.Based on the analysis of investment and structural efficiency on different types of rural public goods,this section proposed the development of logical starting point,conducted theoretical arguments,analyzed the realistic foundation,and put forward the establishment of the diversification of rural public goods supply mechanism.Fourth,based on the cases of “Gongxian” and “Chengdu”,this section analyzes the diversification of rural public goods supply and assess the supply performance.Fifth,the introduction of foreign rural public goods supply experience.In this section,the rural public goods supply experience in USA,Germany,Japan,Korea were reported.Sixth,the supporting system design of diversification of rural public goods supply.Based on the above analysis,the conclusions are as follows.First,in the southwest part of China,the current rural public goods supply shows five outstanding issues including lack of rural public goods supply and low quality,the imbalance in the structure of rural public goods supply and single mode,low efficiency of rural public goods supply,regional imbalance between rural public goods supply.And the main reasons are the increasing and diversified demand for public goods,the imperfect supply system of public goods,the insufficient supervision of the supply process of public goods,the restrictions of one-way decision-making on the supply of public goods,and the unclear responsibilities of the main bodies of public goods.Second,the changes of comprehensive technical efficiency level,pure technical efficiency level and scale efficiency level of rural public goods investment in the southwest part of China show gradient characteristics.Specifically,Chongqing and Sichuan have higher comprehensive technical efficiency and scale technical efficiency.There are differences in the input and output effects of rural public goods investment in the southwest part of China.Third,the change of structural efficiency of rural public goods investment in the southwest part of China presented a gradient characteristic.Specifically,the level of structural efficiency of rural public goods from high to low follows the order ofChongqing,Sichuan,Yunnan,and Guizhou.And there is a significant gap between regions in the allocation of rural public goods resources and investment structure.Overall,the efficiency of rural public goods investment structure is improving gradually in the southwest part of China.Fourth,based on the analysis of theory and empirical evidences,it is implied that the diversification of rural public goods supply is effective,the improvement of famer's welfare is significant,and most of them show a high satisfaction.However,it is need to be enhanced.Fifth,based on the United States,Germany,Japan,South Korea's experience summarization of rural public goods supply,based on the clear the relationship between the government and the market in the rural public product supply,the innovation system design guide nonprofit organizations and individuals to participate in the incentive mechanism of rural public products supply,strengthen the dominant position of farmers in the rural public product supply and to optimize the design of the incentive mechanism,strengthen the rural public product quality supervision to carry out the diversification of rural public goods supply system design and analysis.