| In recent years,under the impact of anti-globalization and COVID-19 epidemic,re-industrialization centered on intelligent manufacturing has become an important strategic means for major countries to get rid of economic downturn and revitalize the entity economy.However,China's manufacturing industry faces many challenges.Firstly,developed countries rely on the efficient production capacity of intelligent production equipment to make up for the relatively high labor production costs,which induces a large number of manufacturing industries' backflow,especially for advanced manufacturing industries.Secondly,some emerging manufacturing countries rely on lower labor costs to intercept the manufacturing industry outflowing from developed countries.Thirdly,the labor costs of China's industrial products gradually are gradually rising,especially in the context of aging,as the demographic dividend gradually disappears,middle-end and low-end manufacturing industries are outflowing in China.In order to pull out of the manufacturing industry's development dilemma,China intends to improve quality and efficiency,transform and upgrade the industry,and achieve high-quality development by using intelligent and digital technology.Since2015,the Chinese government has issued a number of policies to support the intelligent reconstruction of manufacturing enterprises and the development and promotion of intelligent technologies,aiming to realize China's high-end manufacturing through industrial intelligence.However,the intelligent reconstruction of industrial and regional enterprises will inevitably change the profit distribution structure of enterprises,and“machines replace workers” will lead to the transfer of surplus labor across industries and regions,which will influence the distribution of manufacturing enterprises.As far as our research is concerned,there are few documents exploring the theoretical mechanism and dynamic law of the changes in the distribution pattern of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of industrial intelligence.Based on the reconstruction of the industrial distribution of manufacturing industry by industrial intelligence,this paper reviews the classical theories,frontier literature of industrial intelligence and industrial distribution and constructs a multisectoral model to explore the theoretical mechanism of industrial intelligence affecting the distribution of manufacturing enterprises.Besides,using the “Tianyancha”enterprise information query system,the distribution database of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is constructed to analyze the evolution characteristics of the distribution of manufacturing enterprises.Additionally,using China's industry and regional panel data from 2003 to 2017,this paper empirically tests the influence of China's industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises and their dependence conditions.Finally,this paper puts forward some policy recommendations about improving the industry's intelligence and the rational distribution of manufacturing enterprises.The details are as follows:Firstly,the reconstruction effect of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises is deduced by mathematical methods.In this paper,industrial intelligence is introduced into the production function in the form of intelligent production technology,and a multi-sector model is constructed to explore the effect of industrial intelligence on the distribution of enterprises within and among departments.According to the research results,the effect of industrial intelligence on the intradepartmental distribution of enterprises comes from the improvement of production efficiency and the expansion of enterprise scale caused by intelligent technology.The effect of industrial intelligence on the inter-departmental distribution of enterprises comes from two channels: on the one hand,the change of relative profit of products among departments caused by intelligent production technology drives the industrial transfer across departments;on the other hand,after considering the production substitution characteristics of departmental products,different types of manufacturing enterprises generate circulation within the department.Furthermore,this paper explores how intelligent production technology affects the distribution of manufacturing enterprises from the perspectives of productivity,labor structure and market competition.According to the research results,the substitution elasticity of intelligent technology and traditional technology,the strengthening effect of skilled labor on intelligent production technology,and the sensitivity of market competition to product price are the important conditions when it comes to the moderating effect of productivity,labor structure and market competition.Secondly,this paper explores the distribution of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and industrial intelligence.Relying on the “Tianyancha” enterprise information query platform,this paper constructs the distribution database of Chinese manufacturing enterprises at the industry-level and the regional-level.In order to explore the distribution characteristics of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and intelligent industrial applications,this paper combines the data of industry robot installation from the International Federation of Robotics(IFR)and the import data of intermediate products of the computer and information service industry to build an industry-level industrial intelligence database,and combines the import data of robots,computers,communications and other equipment in various regions to build a regionallevel industrial intelligence database.The results show that from 2003 to 2017,the distribution of manufacturing enterprises and industrial intelligence in China showed a synchronous trend at both industry-level and regional-level.From the distribution characteristics of the industry,the number of enterprises in the manufacturing industry and the investment in intelligent equipment are growing rapidly.Among the manufacturing industries,the number of enterprises in electrical,mechanical and equipment manufacturing,general equipment manufacturing,metal products,nonmetallic mineral products,special equipment manufacturing,rubber and plastic products and other industries ranks are in the forefront,which are also the industries with the highest number of robots installed and the largest investment in computer and information services in China.From the regional distribution characteristics,China's manufacturing enterprises are mainly concentrated in the eastern regions such as Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta,and the industrial intelligence development levels in these regions are obviously higher than those in other regions.Shanghai,Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces are the main gathering areas of robots and computer applications.Thirdly,the impact of industrial intelligence application on the industrial distribution of manufacturing enterprises at industry-level.Combining with the panel data of China's manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2017,this paper constructs the distribution indicators of manufacturing enterprises from both the inter-industry and intra-industry perspectives,to examine the impact of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises at the industry level.Further,distinguishing the heterogeneity of enterprises of different scales and scopes of production and operation,and the heterogeneity of different applications of intelligence and industry factor endowments,to explore the different impacts of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises.The results show that:(1)The industrial intelligence has a significant positive agglomeration effect on manufacturing companies,and manufacturing enterprises tend to gather in industries with higher industrial intelligence applications.After controlling the possible endogenous problems of industrial intelligence and adopting a series of robustness tests,the results of this paper are still robust;(2)There are significant differences in the responses of manufacturing enterprises with different scales and different business scopes to industrial intelligence.With the improvement of industrial intelligence applications,the proportion of small-scale manufacturing enterprises and manufacturing enterprises with a single business scope is decreasing.While the proportion of large-scale manufacturing enterprises and diversified manufacturing enterprises is gradually increasing;(3)The impact of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises among industries and within industries has heterogeneous effects due to differences in intelligence degree and industry factor density.For labor-intensive industries and highintelligent application industries,industrial intelligence has a crowding-out effect on smaller enterprises.In addition,for the manufacturing industry with high-intelligent application,the proportion of large-scale enterprises among industries and within industries has been significantly increased.In manufacturing industries with different factor densities,industrial intelligence can promote the proportion of enterprises in the industry.In capital-intensive industries,industrial intelligence significantly increases the proportion of large-scale enterprises among industries,while in labor-intensive industries,industrial intelligence reduces the proportion of large-scale enterprises among industries.Fourthly,the impact of industrial intelligence application on the industrial distribution of manufacturing enterprises at regional-level.Combining with the provincial panel data from 2009 to 2017 in China,constructs the distribution indicators of manufacturing enterprises from both the inter-regional and intra-regional perspectives,to investigates the influence of industrial intelligence on the regional distribution of manufacturing enterprises.And further re-examines the differential influence of industrial intelligence on the regional distribution of manufacturing enterprises according to the scale heterogeneity,business scope heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity of enterprises.The results show that:(1)Industrial intelligence has a significant positive agglomeration effect on manufacturing enterprises in China.After considering endogenous problems,excluding abnormal areas,this paper also draws the same conclusion.(2)The distribution of industrial intelligence to manufacturing enterprises in different regions will be significantly different due to enterprise scale and business scope.With the improvement of the application degree of regional industrial intelligence,the proportion of small-scale manufacturing enterprises and manufacturing enterprises with single business scope is decreasing,while the proportion of large-scale manufacturing enterprises and diversified manufacturing enterprises is increasing gradually.(3)The impact of industrial intelligence on the distribution of regional manufacturing enterprises has heterogeneous effects due to differences at regional and intelligent application levels.Industrial intelligence in different regions has a crowding-out effect on small-scale manufacturing enterprises.But only in the East and areas with a high-intelligent application,industrial intelligence is beneficial to the agglomeration of large-scale enterprises,which significantly increases the proportion of manufacturing enterprises among regions.Fifthly,analyzing the moderate effect of industrial intelligence application on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises is analyzed.The influence of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises is differentiated due to the conditions of regions and industries.Combining with the panel data at the industrylevel and regional-level,this paper constructs productivity,labor structure and market competition indicators to explore the possible moderating effect of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing enterprises.The empirical results show that productivity,labor structure and market competition have positive agglomeration strengthening effects and negative decentralized elimination mechanisms.The positive effect of each moderating variable is reflected in the positive selection of industrial intelligence for large-scale manufacturing enterprises and diversified enterprises.Productivity,skilled labor and market competition can strengthen the internal creative function of industrial intelligence to large-scale enterprises,simultaneously strengthen the siphon function of industrial intelligence,and further increase the proportion of manufacturing enterprises.The negative effect of each moderating variable is reflected in the extrusion effect of industrial intelligence on small-scale manufacturing enterprises and single-business manufacturing enterprises.In industries or regions with higher productivity,richer skilled labor,small-scale manufacturing enterprises are facing survival risks because they can't bear high transformation costs and can't implement intelligent production transformation,thus further increasing the probability of being squeezed out. |
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