Research On The Influence Of Farmers' Rationality On Thehomestead Exit Willingness

The essence of the current homestead problem in China is the dislocation and imbalance between the stage of national development,the transformation of urban-rural relations and the actual needs of farmers.The reform of the rural homestead system is gradually entering deep water,and its effectiveness will directly affect the next rural land system reform,the development of new urbanization and the quality of rural revitalization.Therefore,taking farmers' demand and rationality as the breakthrough point,taking the formation process of farmers' homestead exit intention as the main line,the analysis framework of “rationality-intention” is constructed,and the deep-seated reasons,formation mechanism and general rules of farmers' homestead exit intention in traditional agricultural areas are explored.At the same time,targeted and valuable policy suggestions are put forward in order to provide theoretical support for exploring the voluntary paid exit mechanism and compensation mechanism of homestead and improving the management system of homestead.The level of economic development and cultural customs in different regions are different,and farmers' dependence on homestead and ideas are not the same,so there may be great differences in the factors and degrees of willingness to exit.Most of the regions in China are still economically backward or remote traditional farming areas,but the research results available have not yet explored the withdrawal of homesteads in traditional farming areas in a systematic and specialised manner.Therefore,this study takes Shanxi Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research object,and based on the theories of rationality,needs and game,mainly uses the research method of structural equation model to study the formation mechanism of farmers' homestead exit willingness.The specific analysis ideas are as follows.Firstly,a game model including farmers and local governments is constructed,which studies multiple strategic choices between local governments and farmers in homestead exit.It is found that the formation of farmers' willingness to withdraw from homestead is an autonomous and rational decision-making process.The exit of farmers' homestead depends not only on government policies,but also on farmers' voluntary rationality.Secondly,based on grounded theory,the connotation and composition dimensions of the rationality of farmers' homestead exit are explored,and the influence of different rationality on farmers' willingness to exit is analyzed from a theoretical perspective.Next,an empirical study of the relationship between rationality and willingness to exit is conducted using methods such as regression analysis and structural equation modelling to discover the quantitative relationship between the factors and conclude the following basic conclusions about farmers' homestead base.Firstly,a rational analysis of farmers' willingness to exit from their homesteads based on game theory.From the perspective of farmers' behavior,a game model including farmers and local government is constructed,and how the two sides achieve equilibrium in different strategic choices is analyzed.The results of the analysis show that in the homestead exit behavior,farmers will form their own rational responses according to different exit strategies.The study of farmers' reaction mechanism is of great significance to promote homestead exit.Secondly,the definition and connotation of the concept of farmers' homestead exit.Using interview methods and grounded theories,analyze and refine the factors affecting the withdrawal of rural households' homesteads.The rationality of homestead withdrawal can be the two dimensions of value rationality and instrumental rationality.With reference to existing literature,the composition of value rationality and instrumental rationality decompose,and further discover the relationship between different rationalities.The discussion on farmers' rationality has a long history and has formed different viewpoints.The research not only theoretically enriched the concept of farmers' rationality,but also compiled a measurement scale for farmers' rationality and tested the reliability and validity of its measurement.A more accurate measurement of the subjective concept of “rationality” has been carried out with good theoretical acceptance and practical operability.Thirdly,the effect of value rationality on exit intention.The first level is basic rationality,which has a path coefficient of-0.156 on the willingness to exit the homestead,and is deconstructed into four dimensions,which,according to the regression results,are ranked in order of effect strength: survival safety satisfaction(-0.426)> production mode(-0.147)> enjoyment needs(-0.124)> lifestyle(-0.106).The second level is ontological rationality,the path coefficient of homestead exit intention is-0.144.The order of effect strength in the dimension of ontological rationality is: root culture(-0.306)> emotional attachment(-0.287)> old-age care(-0.139).The third level is social rationality,which has a path coefficient of-0.135 on the willingness to quit the homestead.The study deconstructs this into two dimensions,and from the regression results,the strength of the effect is ranked as: life-oriented(-0.454)> reference dependence(0.227).Fourth,the impact of instrumental rationality on exit intention.Instrumental rationality is composed of perceived benefits and perceived risks.Perceived benefits positively affect the willingness to exit,with a path coefficient of 0.456.The study decomposes it into two dimensions,and from the regression results,the strength of the effect is ranked as: social interests > economic interests.Perceived risk negatively influences the willingness to exit with a path coefficient of-0.219.The study deconstructs this into three dimensions and the results of the regression ranks the strength of the effect as: livelihood survival risk(-0.264)> psychological risk(-0.230)>economic risk(-0.190).From the path analysis,it is found that the path coefficient of perceived return on exit intention is greater than that of perceived risk.This shows that in the homestead exit,farmers pay more attention to the benefits of homestead exit.Fifth,instrumental rationality plays a mediating role in value rationality and exit intention.Through the bootstrap method,both perceived benefits and perceived risks are found to play a significant fully mediating role in the relationship between basic rationality,social rationality,developmental rationality and farmers' willingness to exit their homesteads.The mediating effect of perceived risk between ontologi cal rationality and farmers' willingness to exit homestead is not significant,but the mediating effect of perceived income between ontological rationality and farmers' willingness to exit homestead is significant.This suggests that farmers' decisions on their willingness to exit their homesteads are consistent with the principle of income cost.Sixth,based on all the research results of this study,the core of the mechanism for the formation of farmers' homestead withdrawal intention is to start with the multiple goals and motivations of pursuing survival safety,production convenience,quality of life,emotional value,social value and comprehensively consider the risk taken by exit.Specifically:(1)Survival safety and long-term protection are the bottom line for the formation of the willingness to exit from the homestead.(2)Ontological rationality is a deep-seated hindrance to the formation of the willingness to exit from the homestead.(3)The degree of separation from the rural is a key factor in the formation of the willingness to exit from the homestead.(4)The benefits outweigh the disadvantages of homestead withdrawal are the most fundamental driving factor.Based on this,the study proposes that two conditions must be met for a satisfactory homestead withdrawal: Firstly,after the withdrawal of the homestead,the income level and quality of life of the farmers will be improved compared to before the withdrawal;secondly,after the withdrawal of the homestead,the farmers' production,life,and psychology must be sustainable.The research significance of this article is as follows: Firstly,the research has established a “rationality-willing” analysis framework,exploratory research on the connotation,characteristics,and structural dimensions of farmer 's homestead exit rationality.It not only combines rationality as an influencing factor with farmer's homestead exit willingness,but also exploring the relationship between different rationalities,making up for the defects that the current researches are short of unified theoretical framework and of which some influencing factors are of repeated and crossed discussions.At the same time,it also enriches the rational theory of farmers and helps to better understand farmers in the transition period.Secondly,taking the rationality and demand of peasants as the starting point,while taking the formation of farmers' homestead exit intentions and the process of behavior as the main line,finding the real and implicit demanding willingness behind as well as t he hiding intention and rational logic in the process of exploring the real problem of farmers 'withdrawing.It is partial to the influence of productive and living styles in rural areas on the willingness of farmer house sites' withdrawing,providing new angles of view for the institutional revolution of the rural homesteadsystem in profundal zones.Thirdly,this paper develops and designs a rational measurement scaleand theoretical models of farmers' rationality,making up for the bugs of lacking quantitative researches on subjective factors in the process of current studies,providing an effective analysis tool for scientifically promoting the reform of the homestead withdrawal system.