| Urban informatization has mainly experienced three different development stages: digital city—intelligent city—smart city.Smart city will be the highest development stage in the current urban informatization process,and it is also the most important solution to many development problems in the context of my country's new urbanization.Best ways and policy means("smart cities" mentioned in this article refer to the urban development policies corresponding to smart city projects).With the rise of the digital economy after the 2008 financial crisis,major developed cities and regions around the world have begun to plan and build smart cities.The promotion of smart city policies has four major strategic significance in the world: comprehensively improve the productivity of the city,comprehensively improve the city's innovation and competition level,comprehensively improve the city's management service level,and comprehensively improve the city's social and people's well-being.Reasonable planning of smart cities will provide the possibility for China's current long-term stable growth and even the upgrading of the industrial structure in the future.This article focuses on the analysis of China's smart city policy on the upgrading of industrial structure in pilot regions,and explores the impact of this policy on China's pilot cities,regions and even companies in the context of national promotion of digital economy.It can be known from the existing literature that the impact of smart cities on the industrial structure of pilot areas is mainly realized through two channels: supply and demand.On the supply side,according to the theory of economic growth,the increase in supply capacity will drive long-term economic growth.Among them,capital expansion capacity,labor force growth rate and total factor productivity are the main factors that determine the overall economic growth rate.On the demand side,the smart city policy will release rural surplus labor in the process of regulating productivity,drive rural residents into urban employment,and drive a large number of rural residents to transform into urban residents,thereby promoting basic daily necessities such as water and electricity,transportation and communication,and household durability.The continuous growth of consumer demand for supplies,culture and entertainment has driven the investment in fixed assets in urban municipal public facilities,which in turn will drive the rapid development of related industries and achieve economic internal circulation.Based on the existing research and the development background of my country's smart city policy,the writing arrangement of this article is as follows:First of all,this article analyzes the channels and mechanisms through which the implementation of smart city policies affects the industrial structure upgrade of pilot cities through city data.On the basis of defining the related concepts of smart cities and industrial structure upgrading,through the analysis of existing indicators and measurement data on smart cities,the corresponding typical facts of smart city policies and industrial structure upgrading are described.Based on relevant literature review and empirical factual analysis,this article clarifies the transmission channels and mechanisms of China's implementation of smart city policies to upgrade the industrial structure in pilot areas,and uses the optimal nominal output growth rate model to model the transmission channels proposed in the article.Analysis and inspection.The research results show that the implementation of my country's smart city policy will affect the industrial structure upgrade in pilot areas through three channels: technological innovation,foreign direct investment and fiscal expenditure,and the role of fiscal expenditure in this mechanism is not only a pure intermediary factor,but smart city policies lead to The fiscal expenditure will also promote the R&D and innovation of new and old local enterprises,which will drive the increase of labor productivity of local enterprises and realize the upgrading of industrial structure.Secondly,use prefecture-level city data to construct a multi-period DID model to empirically analyze the possible impact of the implementation of smart city policies on the upgrading of industrial structure in pilot areas.Based on the panel data of Chinese cities from2001 to 2017,this paper uses a multi-period double difference method to identify the industrial structure upgrading effect of smart cities,and on this basis,reveals the impact mechanism of the industrial structure upgrading effect of smart cities.The study found that:(1)The implementation of smart city policies has significantly promoted the upgrading of the overall industrial structure of pilot cities;unlike the conclusion that traditional information technology development hinders the upgrading of the first and second industrial structures,smart cities have a significant impact on the industrial structure of different industries.Positive,and this impact on the industrial structure is mainly reflected by driving local labor productivity.(2)The analysis of heterogeneity shows that although the effect of upgrading the industrial structure of smart cities is significantly positive,and compared to the impact on the output value of various industries,smart city policies mainly achieve the upgrading of local industrial structure by driving labor productivity in pilot areas.The structural upgrade effect has obvious regional heterogeneity and urban scale heterogeneity.(3)Technological innovation,government fiscal expenditures,and foreign direct investment are all important channels to realize the industrial structure upgrading effect of smart city policies.At the same time,like technological innovation and foreign direct investment introduced in previous studies,fiscal expenditures can also promote smart cities.The policy pilot exercises the effect of upgrading the industrial structure and can even promote the policy to play a greater leading role in the short term.Thirdly,in order to further determine the role of smart cities on labor productivity in the pilot areas,as well as the role of micro-level fiscal expenditure and technological innovation in it,this paper uses enterprise data to analyze the possible impact of smart city policy implementation on labor productivity in the pilot areas.Based on the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2000 to 2019,this paper uses a multi-period double difference method to identify the causal effects of smart city policies on corporate labor productivity,and builds an intermediary effect model and moderating effect on this basis,revealing how fiscal expenditures are the mechanism of action in the process of smart city policies affecting enterprise labor productivity.The study found that:(1)The implementation of the smart city policy can promote the improvement of labor productivity of enterprises in the pilot area,that is,the policy can indeed alleviate the "Solo Paradox" problem brought by the development of modern information technology to a certain extent.In addition,the regression results of GMM further illustrate that this lifting effect has a certain time lag.(2)Introduce the robustness of the regression results of regional heterogeneity,industrial heterogeneity,city scale heterogeneity,and industry heterogeneity.The results of each part of the research prove that the smart city policy has formed an initial sample of urban agglomerations.Among the three industries,the internal samples of the tertiary industry,the medium-to-medium-scale samples of various cities,the samples of state-owned enterprises,the samples with lower labor productivity,and the sample enterprises that receive more financial subsidies have more significant labor productivity improvement effects.(3)The regression results of the mediation effect model show that the spillover effect of fiscal expenditure on the labor productivity improvement effect of smart cities is greater than the crowding-out effect.The implementation of smart city policies has a fiscal support effect in the process of improving labor productivity of enterprises,and this This effect is mainly achieved through the promotion of enterprise technological innovation.In other words,more government financial support brought about by the implementation of the smart city policy will help drive R&D and innovation of enterprises in the pilot areas,thereby promoting the increase in labor productivity of the sample enterprises.In addition,this article uses input-output theory to analyze the smart city policy to support the industrial structure upgrade efficiency of pilot cities and the sustainability of efficiency growth.In order to build a smart city policy to support the evaluation system of the industrial structure upgrade efficiency in pilot areas,this paper establishes a corresponding evaluation index system based on the input-output theory,and for the first time uses the DEA method to study smart cities to support the 20 major pilot industrial structure upgrades in China Efficiency,and further introduce the Malmquist productivity index method to dynamically measure related efficiency.The research found that:(1)Smart cities support China's pilot cities to support industrial structure upgrade efficiency,which has positive effects to varying degrees.Different from the traditional macroeconomic development policies of local cities,smart city policies support the upgrading of industrial structure in underdeveloped and underdeveloped regions with better efficiency;(2)The analysis of Malmquist index shows that the upgrading of industrial structure supported by smart cities is slow in the long-term Decrease trend.Although the upgrading efficiency of developed regions is not as good as that of underdeveloped and underdeveloped regions,it is easier for smart city policies to achieve long-term and stable industrial structure upgrading in developed regions;(3)Research on heterogeneity by industry,region,and city scale It can be seen that the smart city policy can indeed alleviate the differences in the development level of the industrial structure between regions to a certain extent.However,the primary and secondary industries dominate,and small-scale and remote areas cannot always maintain a higher level of efficiency.Developed regions with a larger proportion of the output value of the tertiary industry,more complete infrastructure,and sufficient accumulation of factor endowments can better maintain the sustainable development of emerging industries.Finally,based on the research conclusions obtained in the previous article,this article confirms the positive effect of smart city policies on the industrial structure upgrade of the pilot areas,and based on the main research conclusions,transmission mechanisms and heterogeneity analysis results,the smart city policies will drive the pilots Several policy recommendations were put forward one by one in terms of upgrading the regional industrial structure,improving the labor productivity of enterprises,and improving the policy ecosystem.Combined with the research content contained in the full text,the innovations of this article can be summarized into the following four aspects:(1)Determine the causal relationship between smart cities and industrial structures on the basis of existing theoretical research results,and make corresponding multi-period empirical analysis of DID and GMM Due to the different time points of policy implementation,smart city policies show dynamic and systematic differences.Therefore,this article will construct a multi-phase double difference model to clarify the effect of smart city policies on the industrial structure upgrade of the pilot areas.(2)Innovate to construct the mediating effect,moderating effect theory and empirical model of technological innovation,fiscal expenditure and foreign direct investment,and determine the transmission mechanism that may exist in the industrial structure upgrade effect of smart cities.(3)Using the input-output analysis paradigm to determine the existence and sustainability of the efficiency of smart cities supporting industrial structure upgrades in pilot areas.The DEA and Malmquist productivity index methods have determined the contribution of this industrial structure upgrading efficiency to reducing regional differences,but also pointed out the current limitations and unsustainability of this contribution.(4)The difference in the effect of smart city construction on the upgrading of local industrial structure among different sub-samples is studied.It is determined that the effect of upgrading the industrial structure of smart city construction has differences between industries,regions,different city sizes,and even different types of enterprises.As a result,the universality of the positive impact of the smart city policy on the pilot areas is determined,and the development goals and directions for the future construction of smart cities in different types of pilot cities are pointed out based on the results of the heterogeneity analysis between different samples. |
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