Research On Open National Innovation System

Closure leads to backwardness,and opening leads to development.Innovation is the first driving force of high-quality economic development.The openness of innovation and international cooperation in science and technology have become important features of innovation strategies of various countries.Novel coronavirus pneumonia is a major change in the world and the superposition of new crown pneumonia epidemic.The competition and competition between big countries are becoming more and more intense.The international situation is full of instability and uncertainty.The reverse globalization of economic and trade has led to the global technology's hard going ahead in the contest of openness and protection.But in the long run,globalization will still be the trend of world economic development.In essence,science has no borders.With the development of global R&D and production and the emergence of transnational academic research networks,the development of science is increasingly a process of global cooperation.At present,the new generation of information and communication technology and manufacturing industry continue to be deeply integrated to promote industrial integration and cross-border cooperation.Open innovation has become an important mode of enterprise technology innovation.However,influenced by the trend of anti globalization,the open innovation at the enterprise level is more and more restricted by the open innovation at the national level.From China's domestic innovation situation,the low level of openness has seriously restricted the improvement of China's innovation ability.The open national innovation system shows the deep integration of high-level innovation and high-level openness,which is an important starting point for China to build an innovative country in the new era and to promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening to the outside world.Nevertheless,the theoretical study of open national innovation system is just beginning,and it is particularly urgent to construct the theoretical framework of open national innovation system.This thesis takes the open national innovation system as the research object,adheres to the Marxist political economy as the guiding ideology,and widely absorbs the theoretical knowledge and research methods of dissipative structure theory,Schumpeter innovation theory,institutional economics and so on,follows the vertical structure of "why-what-how to do",studies the open national innovation system,and puts forward some suggestions for the construction of the open national innovation system in our country.The whole thesis adheres to the dialectical materialism of Marx as the methodological basis,in the specific research methods,using the combination of normative and empirical,inductive and deductive,qualitative and quantitative,as well as historical analysis and logical analysis.The paper tries to answer three questions:1.Why should we build an open national innovation system?2.What is an open national innovation system?What are its basic characteristics,system objectives and operating environment?As the most distinctive feature,how to measure openness?3.How to build an open national innovation system?In view of the above problems and combined with the previous research results,this paper defines the basic concepts of the open national innovation system based on combing the theory of national innovation system and open innovation theory,and analyses the reasons for the construction of the open national innovation system from the theoretical,historical and realistic perspectives.The characteristics,principles,operating mechanism and operating environment of the open national innovation system are studied,and the theoretical analysis framework of the open national innovation system is preliminarily established.According to Marx's division of innovation forms and the principle of interaction between productive forces and production relations,this paper establishes a practical analysis framework for building an open national innovation system:scientific and technological innovation at the level of productive forces and institutional innovation at the level of production relations.In the open national innovation system,the three major innovative activities are as follows:the scientific innovation centered on the internationalization of scientific research in universities and research institutes,the technological innovation centered on the internationalization of enterprise R&D,and the institutional innovation centered on the improvement of the system of scientific and technological innovation.In the system,scientific innovation is the cornerstone,technological innovation is the key,institutional innovation is the guarantee,and the three interact to form a dialectical and unified whole.Based on the above analysis framework,the paper conducts empirical analysis and comparative study,and gives a qualitative description of the four stages of development and three dimensions of the system for building an open national innovation system in China,and measures the most striking feature of the open national innovation system,namely openness.Finally,according to the experience and Enlightenment of the United States,Japan,Germany and Israel in building an open national innovation system,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.The research findings of this paper are mainly reflected in five aspects:First,innovation is the internal driving force of economic growth,and openness is the external environment of economic growth.The research on open innovation at the national level is insufficient compared with that of enterprises.The open national innovation system is a new topic.For developing countries,the construction of open national innovation system has not only theoretical basis,but also historical and realistic basis.Second,the open national innovation system refers to a comprehensive and open innovation system established by a country or region through the global allocation of innovative resources under the background of globalization.This system is led by the government,participated by the society,interacted between various sectors of science and technology and economy,public and private institutions,enhanced national innovation capacity at home and actively integrated into the world at abroad.Innovation network is a complex system.The system has the characteristics of openness,liquidity,Union and security,and has two modes of introversion and extroversion.Different economic systems and social environments have a significant impact on the operation of the open national innovation system.Thirdly,building an open national innovation system can be carried out from three dimensions:scientific innovation,technological innovation and institutional innovation.The internationalization of scientific research in universities and scientific research institutes is mainly realized through the internationalization of personnel training,scientific research activities and scientific research achievements.The state should pay attention to the scientific research in Pasteur Quadrant and strengthen the construction of international major scientific projects.Technological innovation of enterprises mainly achieves internationalization of R&D by establishing overseas R&D centers,transnational mergers and acquisitions,and establishing international alliances of industrial technological innovation.According to Marx's globalization theory,we should pay attention to distinguishing the dual effects of R&D internationalization and seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages.The government's system innovation is mainly realized by promoting the opening up of the national science and technology plan,deepening the reform of the science and technology system and perfecting the relevant policies and regulations.The construction of the open national innovation system will be influenced by international rules if the allocation of innovation resources is to be realized globally.China should enhance the coordination of rules at home and abroad,take the initiative to participate in the formulation and revision of international rules,and enhance the ability of international governance.Fourthly,from the five elements of knowledge opening,technology opening,capital opening,talent opening and system opening,the opening level of China's open national innovation system is very limited,and the level of transnational flow of innovation factors is not high,which is not conducive to building an innovative country and promoting the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up.Drawing lessons from the experience of the United States and Japan,China should enhance its innovation openness from the aspects of scientific innovation openness,technological innovation openness,institutional innovation openness and the integration and development of the three major innovations,and make use of global resources to enhance China's innovation capability.Fifthly,from the Batu agreement in the new China period,the Wassenaar agreement in the cold war period,to the Sino US trade war,and then to the partial decoupling of Sino US science and technology during the epidemic period,the US crackdown on China's science and technology development has never stopped.Under the new situation,China's construction of an open national innovation system should be based on the concept of great power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics,firmly establish the concept of overall national security,deepen scientific and technological cooperation in different countries and fields,explore more flexible and flexible cooperation modes,actively participate in the formulation and revision of international rules,actively lead the benign change of global governance,and promote the construction of a community of human destiny.