Research On The Impact Of International R&D Capital Technology Spillover On Green Technology Progress

The intricate dependency and feedback relationship between human beings and their living environment feature strong spatial-temporal characteristics.The environment can be seen as the input of social development,thus practically,mitigating environmental problems equals to finding the driving force of economic growth.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "green technology innovation is the pivotal driving force for green development and the key to fighting against pollution,promoting ecological advancement and facilitating high-quality development".Green development is a strategic initiative to solve environmental problems.Green economy is a vital strategic guarantee of industrial transformation and upgrading and high-quality economic development in China.The key point of green economy is green technology,which is sustained by technological innovation.Therefore,green technology innovation is crucial in the green development.The common and basic factors of supporting technological innovation are human capital and R&D expenditure(R&D),especially the latter one.Green economy being the mutual theme globally,China should not only make full use of domestic capital to innovate independently,but also take advantage of international R&D capital in the process of opening up.The reverse technology spillover effect of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),foreign direct investment(FDI)and the industrial agglomeration effect of import,etc.could trigger competition effect and technology diffusion effect,which helps to promote the advancement of green technology,improve the utilization efficiency of resources,reduce the pressure of environment on human survival and share the economic development mode of green ecology with other countries and regions.Green technology is the core of green development.How to promote green technology advancement has become a significant subject in both academia and industry.According to existing researches,two main factors are discovered to promote a country's green technology: domestic autonomous innovation and technology spillovers through international R&D capital.R&D investment could ensure the improvement of autonomous innovation capacity,while technological spillovers from international R&D capital can be achieved through outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),foreign direct investment(FDI)and imports etc.Relevant researches are largely concerned with two separate mechanisms about how autonomous innovation and technology spillovers of international R&D capital can affect green technology progress,however,there are few studies,especially the empirical ones,that unify autonomous innovation and technological spillovers from international R&D capital under the same framework.With China's further opening up and the implementation of the "going out" strategy,does the technology spillover of international R&D capital through outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),foreign direct investment(FDI)and import channels significantly promote China's green technology progress? In particular,the stock and flow of outward foreign direct investment of Chinese enterprises are in the forefront of the world.Besides,is any other factors that influence the driving effect of technology spillover of international R&D capital? For example,synergies between indigenous innovation,absorptive capacity of advanced technology and technological spillovers of international R&D capital.The study on these problems is not only concerned with how to effectively expedite China's green technology,but also shed light on the sustainable development in China.Therefore,this study has pivotal practical significance.Based on this,this paper aims to discuss "the mechanism of how international R&D capital technology spillover affects green technology progress".Firstly,the author deduces the international R&D capital technology spillover`s impact on green technology progress theoretically.Under the dual constraints of demands for government and enterprises` green innovation,the author analyzes the influence of international R&D capital technology spillover on enterprises,regions and countries and then puts forward corresponding hypothesis.Then,according to the reality of China's green technology progress,this paper empirically studies the impact of international R&D capital spillover on green technology progress from the micro level of enterprises to the macro level of countries.China's green technology progress is mainly measured from the enterprise level,manufacturing industry level,regional level and national level.International R&D capital technology spillovers mainly derive from international R&D investment,transnational technology transfer,FDI,OFDI and import trade channels.This paper consists of nine chapters,which are divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction,which is composed of Chapter 1;the second part is the analysis of the theoretical basis and influence mechanism,including the theoretical basis and literature review of Chapter 2 and the impact mechanism analysis of Chapter 3;the third part is the empirical study and analysis,including Chapter 4,5,6,7 and 8;the fourth part is the summary and research prospect,which is Chapter 9.Chapter1 describes the background of this subject,puts forward the questions to be answered,demonstrates the significance of the subject,clears up the ideas and methods,defines concepts of the study object,and points out the innovation of this paper.Chapter 2 explains the theoretical basis and reviews related literature at home and abroad.This chapter mainly interprets related theories of outward foreign direct investment,international R&D capital technology spillover,green economy and technology innovation and get informed of research trends of international R&D capital technology spillover`s impact on green technology progress.The third chapter analyzes the mechanism of how international R&D capital influences green technology progress,focusing on OFDI,FDI and import channels in this part,especially the internal mechanism of OFDI on green technology progress.Chapter 4 is an empirical study on the impact of international R&D capital technology spillovers on green technology progress of enterprises from the micro perspective.The author also analyzes the similarities and differences of how international R&D capital technology spillovers influences various enterprises`green technology progress from the perspective of enterprise characteristics.Chapter 5 analyzes the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress from the perspective of heterogeneity of manufacturing industry,considering that manufacturing is the leading industry to promote green technology innovation and plays a dominant role in influencing green technology progress.Chapter 6 is an empirical study on the international R&D capital spillover`s impact on regional green technology progress.This chapter also discusses the threshold effect of international R&D capital technology progress on regional green technology innovation under the technology absorption capacity.Furthermore,the author empirically analyzes the comprehensive effect of independent innovation and reverse OFDI technology on regional green technology innovation.Chapter 7 is the extension of Chapter 6.It empirically studies the spatial spillover effect of international R&D capital spillover on regional green technology progress,discusses the interaction of green technology progress among regions and the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on regional green technology progress.Chapter 8 is an empirical study on the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on a country's green technology progress from the national level.Chapter 9 is the conclusion.In accordance with the logical context of this paper,this chapter integrates the conclusion of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,proposed relevant suggestions for government and enterprises,and puts forward future research prospects.Through theoretical analysis and empirical research,this paper holds that international R&D capital technology spillover has a significant impact on green technology progress.Main conclusions are as follows.From the micro level,international R&D capital technology spillover plays a significant role in promoting the green technology progress of enterprises.Outward foreign direct investment,foreign capital and import trade can promote the green technology level significantly.However,the international R&D capital technology spillover from import trade has a relatively limited impact on green technology progress.The impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress has significant heterogeneity characteristics.Compared with incremental green technology progress,OFDI has a stronger reverse technology spillover effect on breakthrough green technology progress,while FDI and import channel`s technology spillover is relatively weak.From the perspective of manufacturing industry,international R&D capital technology spillover has a crucial role in manufacturing industry`s green technology progress.The international R&D capital obtained by OFDI,FDI and import trade can improve the green technology level of manufacturing industry,but the import trade is relatively weak.The impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress of manufacturing industry has heterogeneity features among enterprises.For labor-intensive industries,FDI and import trade have a more significant impact than OFDI on green technology progress,while for capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries,OFDI's role in promoting green technology level is more obvious.For the progressive green technology progress,the technology spillover caused by introducing foreign capital and import trade in manufacturing industry has a greater role,while OFDI has a relatively small promotion effect.For the breakthrough green technology progress,OFDI has a more significant promotion effect,FDI has a relatively weak impact,and the impact of import trade is not statistically significant.From the regional perspective,international R&D capital has a significant effect on regional green technology progress.OFDI technology spillover is an important driving force of China's green technology progress.The promotion effect of OFDI technology spillover on green technology progress is affected by domestic independent innovation ability and human capital level.The stronger the independent innovation ability and the higher the level of human capital,the greater the promotion effect of OFDI technology spillover on green technology progress.The stronger the environmental regulation,the more R&D investment and the more abundant human capital,the more effective the promotion of green technology progress in the region.There is a significant spatial spillover effect in China's green technology progress,and the green technology progress in neighboring regions has a positive role in promoting the regional green technology progress.Reviewing the methods and results of this paper,the innovations of this paper are as followings.Firstly,this paper integrates domestic independent innovation and international R&D capital technology spillover to form an analysis framework of the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on China's green technology progress.From micro to macro,from industry to industry,this paper analyzes the impact of technology spillover effects of international R&D investment,transnational technology transfer,FDI,OFDI and import trade on green technology progress.The relevant literature lacks systematic research on the spillover channels of international R&D capital,given that most of the related researches on the spillover channels of international R&D capital are only a part of them.Meanwhile,there are few researches that study domestic independent innovation in an overall analysis category.The conclusion shows that international R&D capital technology spillover has a significant role in promoting green technology in China,especially the sensitivity of OFDI to green technology progress is affected by domestic independent R&D: the higher the level of domestic R&D,the stronger the impact of OFDI on green technology.Secondly,the division of green technology level is more detailed,expanding the technology spillover channels of international R&D capital and remeasuring the technology spillovers of various channels.This paper analyzes the impact of international R&D capital technology spillovers with heterogeneity characteristics on green technology progress is analyzed from multiple dimensions,which makes the analysis more targeted and the results more accurate and reliable.Green technology innovation is divided into progressive green technology innovation and breakthrough green technology innovation.Green technology level is divided into development stage and transformation stage.The impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on the level of green technology under the heterogeneity of enterprises considers the ownership of enterprises,industry or industry,productivity,financing constraints and region.Thirdly,the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress has both threshold effect and spatial spillover effect.The threshold effect of green technology progress in green regions is related to the capacity of domestic independent innovation and human capital absorption.This paper systematically analyzes the impact of domestic independent innovation capability and human capital level on international R&D capital technology spillover of progressive green technology innovation and breakthrough green technology innovation,concluding that there is a threshold effect with asymmetric characteristics.The green technology progress among regions influences each other,and the technology spillover of international R&D capital in one region also has a significant impact on the green technology progress of other regions.Fourthly,this paper uses a variety of methods to measure the level of green technology and multi empirical analysis methods to study the impact passage and degree of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress.The non-parametric estimation method of "let data speak" is used to measure the green technology progress index.The EBM Malmquist Luenberger(EBM)of radial and non-radial distance functions is employed to get more precise results of green technology progress index.Using panel data model,panel threshold model and spatial panel model,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of international R&D capital technology spillover on green technology progress,carries out robustness test and explores some innovative and comparable empirical conclusions,which provide feasible decision-making basis for the precise implementation of deepening the opening-up process.