The Influence Of American High-tech Export Control Policy On Chinese High-tech Product Development And Export

In economics,competition is an important feature for comprehensive strength among countries,and the implementation of trade protection policies is important for governments to protect countries interests.The export control policy has a long history and has evolved over time.Nevertheless,its means and mechanisms of control continue to diversify and many countries have supported it because of its successful concealment.The United States has rich experience enforcing export control policies.Aside from economic field,it also extends export control policies to political,military,national defense and other ares,which has a distinct feature of serving the national strategic interests of the United States.Due to the change in the global situation and the modification of the United States 'national strategy,the United States' export control policy to China is characterized by an alternation of leniency and rigor,especially in the high-tech sector.Despite the United States 'strict export control policy,China has made rapid development and remarkable achievements in the high-tech field.Therefore,it is not only beneficial to enrich and expand the research boundaries of export control policy in theory,but also helpful for Chinese enterprises to boost the level of R&D innovation and enterprise-strength in practice to explore the influence mechanism,specific path and degree of the United States 'export control policy on China's high-tech R&D and export product.Nevertheless,due to the lack of transparency of U.S.export control policies and the long-term lack of reliable product-level measurement,research is partially hindered,which makes quantitative evaluation of U.S.export control policies,especially research on micro-enterprises behavior is insufficient.This paper builds,above and beyond the context,a observable index of U.S.export control based on public data and carries out a causal assessment of U.S.export control to China on Chinese companies 'micro-performance by implementing a variable recognition strategy tool.First,according to the degree of relationships of the United States with the rest of the world,this paper divided these ties into the four levels.Using the revealed comparative advantage index,this paper construct index to measure the degree of export control based on the differences in real export share of high-tech products.This index can be used to measure the control degree of the export to different countries,including China.Other countries 'degree of control at the same level as China can be used as an instrumental export control variable to China.Secondly,this paper gathers relevant data from the United Nations Comtrade Database,Laboratory of Economic Complexity,Industrial Enterprise Database,China Customs Database and China Intellectual Property Office to carry out empirical tests on R&D innovation,product export quality and business value-added exports at enterprise level.Thirdly,the above study and empirical studies indicate that the US export control policy to China exists,and an important contribution of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Chinese enterprises on product research,development and export.Based on the US high-tech export control policy towards China and the study conclusions,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the influencing mechanism,degree of impact and political effect of the US export control policy on China's high-tech product research and development,commodity export quality,and value-added export ratio.This paper can be divided into eight chapters as follows:Chapter 1,according to the realistic background and existing research,puts forth the research problems,significance,research methods and ideas including possible innovations and shortcomings.Chapter 2 contains the literature review.Through the systematic review of relevant literature,this paper summarizes the paucities of previous research and further clarifies the problems and research significance of this paper.This chapter starts with the theories of international political competition pattern,explores the relations between trade policy and state relations,and focuses on the systematic study of bilateral economic and trade relations between China and the United States.It points out that trade policy serves national objectives and that export control policy is one of the most effective instruments of American foreign strategy.In addition,this chapter reviews export control policy literature at the level of Chinese high-tech products production,export quality and export value added ratio.Chapter 3 focuses on the definition,evolution and potential consequences of export control policies,in order to clarify the research boundaries of this paper and grasp the development context and main trends of the research content.Chapter 4 explains the measurement method and indicator setting of the US export control policy to China,introduces the main ideas and testing process of the core variable indicator setting in this paper,and compares the differences between the degree of the US control on China and other countries.Chapter 5 empirically investigate the impact of the US export control policies towards China's product research and development.and found that the implementation of the export control policy has not fully meet the expectation of the US.However,Chinese government and enterprises can overcome this shortcoming by increasing subsidies and investment in these areas,which promotes the China enterprise research and development level.Chapter 6 focuses on the influence of the US export control policy to China on product quality.It is found that the implementation of export control policy causes the quality of export products of Chinese enterprises to decline,which may be caused by the restriction of export control policy hindering the input of intermediate products and affecting the production chain of enterprises,leading to the quality decline of export products.Chapter 7 explores the impact of the US export control policies on China's value-added export ratio.It is found that export control policies increases the value-added export ratio of the enterprise products.The possible mechanism is a combination of control policy influence on research and the quality of the products.Due to being embedded in the global value chain,the value-added export ratio of enterprises has increased.Chapter 8 contains the conclusion and policy implications.Furthermore,it clarifies the possible future research direction according to the deficiencies of this paper.