Analysis Of The Export Competitiveness Of Chinese High-tech Products And The Influencing Factors

In the future,the trend of trade will be the trade in high-tech industries,and international trade competition will be transformed into competition for high-tech products.China's high-tech industry has undergone revolutionary development in recent decades.Since the reform and opening up,China's high-tech products exports grow rapidly and market share continues to expand.The proportion of high-tech products exports to general merchandise exports is also increasing,and China's high-tech industry exports accounted for about 30%of merchandise exports in recent year.Since the 21st century,China's high-tech industry has grown rapidly and has been deeply integrated into the global division of labor system.However,China's high-tech industry exports still have some problems and still in the middle and low end of the global value chain,lack of technological innovation,the export structure is very single,and the exports are mainly processed trade.EU is the third largest target market for China's high-tech products exports.But China's total exports of high-tech products to the EU have declined in recent years,it accounted for 15.64%of total China's exports in 2016.Among them,the proportion of computer and information technology exported to the EU is 14.8%,and the proportion of aerospace technology exported to the EU is 13.9%.EU is the third largest market for exports in these two technical fields.China's exports of high-tech products to the EU are very large,but the export structure is uneven and the export volume is small in some technical fields with high technology content.And China's top three exports to the EU countries are the Netherlands,Germany and the United Kingdom.In 2016,high-tech products exported to the Netherlands accounted for 29.1%of the total exports to the EU.EU as a very mature international organization,in EU most countries are high-income or middle-income countries.Therefore,this thesis has practical significance to the EU's export competitiveness of high-tech products.This paper uses three indices for the measurement of export competitiveness,the three indices are RCA?TC and International Market Share.Since the study is in the EU national market,the three indices are calculated after deformation.It is found that the results of the three indices are similar:China's export competitiveness to the EU has declined in recent years.From the perspective of the technical field,the export competitiveness of computer and communication technology and electronic technology is significantly higher than other technologies.From the perspective of the country,China's high-tech products in Netherlands,Finland,Hungary have strong export competitiveness,and the export competitiveness in France,Germany,Britain,Italy is weak.In the study of the factors affecting the competitiveness of export,through the analysis of the literature,this thesis selects R&D intensity,education level,foreign direct investment,foreign intellectual property protection intensity as the influencing factors of China's high-tech products export competitiveness to the EU.These factors in which R&D intensity is measured by the proportion of R&D inputs to industrial added value and the proportion of R&D personnel,the level of education using education expenditure as a percentage of GDP and the number of students in higher education.The RCA index and the TC index were used as explanatory variables to regress,and it was found that R&D intensity,education level,foreign direct investment,and foreign intellectual property protection intensity all contributed to the competitiveness of China's high-tech products exported to the EU.Through the classification of high-tech products,it is found that there are differences in the influencing factors of STI mode products and DUI mode products.Education expenditure has a positive impact on the export competitiveness of STI mode products,while the coefficients of other influencing factors are less than the DUI mode products.This difference is due to factors such as the innovation source and R&D intensity of the two types of products.Finally,proposes policy recommendations to improve China's export competitiveness of high-tech products to the EU from the perspective of government and enterprises.Including actively promoting cooperation with the EU on intellectual property protection,increasing government R&D subsidies,attaching importance to education,and attracting foreign investment.For enterprises,it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of independent innovation,strengthen the awareness of intellectual property protection,and improve the technical content and quality of products.