Enterprise Knowledge Competitiveness Evaluation:A Theoretical Construction And Empirical Study

In today's globalization background,the increasingly fierce international competition has gradually turned to competition based on knowledge such as technology,innovation,and talent.Knowledge is the most fundamental source for economic entities to gain competitive advantage,and it has increasingly become the most important strategic competitive resource.Knowledge-based competition is the fundamental driving force for the survival and development of economic entities,and is also the inevitable trend of future market competition.In fact,since the 1990 s,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)has taken the lead in proposing a knowledge-based economy(i.e.“knowledge economy”),and then a research boom in the knowledge economy began around the world.Nowadays,knowledge has become an increasingly important endogenous production input factor,and other production factors must rely on knowledge to be updated and improved.Knowledge production factors have also become a management concept that has been widely recognized and used to enhance the competitiveness of economic entities.Furthermore,the enterprise's knowledge-based view theory believes that knowledge is the internal decisive factor of enterprise competitiveness,and it is also the most fundamental source of enterprise heterogeneity.The ability of enterprises to win market competition and earn economic profits by relying on knowledge can be called“enterprise knowledge competitiveness”.However,the question of how knowledge actually acts in the reproduction process of enterprises,what is the intrinsic relationship between knowledge and enterprises,or the determination mechanism of enterprise knowledge competitiveness has always been the focus of management scientists and economists.At the same time,it is not difficult to find that how to measure and evaluate enterprise knowledge competitiveness scientifically is also drawing more and more attention,and enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation is still an emerging academic hot field.However,from the existing research,some indicators are more concise,but the indicators are more subjective;some indicators are more objective,but there are too many indicators,the system is complicated,and the operability is not strong.The common defect is that the theoretical basis behind the evaluation index system is relatively weak.Greatness in Simplicity.To explore an objective and concise enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation system with solid theoretical support is obviously an urgent problem to be solved in the future,and it is also the key point for this dissertation to explore and hope to break through.This dissertation,firstly,reviews the basic theories such as the essence of enterprise,the connotation and classification of knowledge,and the theoretical development context,source,concept definition and mechanism of enterprise competitiveness.It further analyzes the concept evolution and connotation of enterprise knowledge competitiveness,and the related research on the mechanism of knowledge on enterprise competitiveness.Further more,it reviews and comments the related researches on enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation,including enterprise competitiveness evaluation,enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation and dynamic evaluation of enterprise knowledge competitiveness,and points out the shortcomings of existing research.Thus,the academic value and practical significance of enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation research are clarified.Secondly,the knowledge movement process and production process of enterprises are organically combined,an enterprise knowledge reproduction model is constructed based on the past production theory and knowledge value chain theory,and on this basis,the knowledge evolution mechanism that determines the transformation and upgrading of enterprises is revealed,and the theoretical model of enterprise knowledge competitiveness is further constructed.Thirdly,the logical context of enterprise knowledge competitiveness evaluation is comprehensively sorted out,and then based on the analysis of the existing evaluation index systems related to knowledge competitiveness,this dissertation deduces the corresponding evaluation index system from the theoretical model of enterprise knowledge competitiveness,and explains it in detail.Fourthly,the “entropy method” is used to determine the entropy weight for each evaluation index,and at the same time,the time series are considered and the time weight vector is determined based on the idea of “valuing the present more than the past”.The static and dynamic evaluation and analysis of ICT listed companies in China from 2012 to 2019 were carried out respectively,and an empirical analysis of the relationship between enterprise knowledge competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness is conducted by setting up an econometric model.Finally,from the three levels of knowledge,the countermeasures and suggestions for the protection and promotion of enterprise knowledge competitiveness are put forward.Accordingly,the following research conclusions are drawn in this dissertation:Firstly,enterprise reproduction process is based on knowledge,and is not a simple repetition(simple reproduction)or expansion(expanded reproduction)of production scale,but an upward spiral cycle process accompanied by the progress of knowledge.The matter and energy in the reproduction process are conserved,and only knowledge is the only variable,so enterprise reproduction is essentially knowledge reproduction.The input link of the enterprise corresponds to the process of “acquisition-absorption”process of knowledge,inputting general knowledge;the production and operation link of the enterprise corresponds to the process of “application-innovation” process of knowledge,outputting specific knowledge;the output link of the enterprise corresponds to the process of “accumulation-deposit” process of knowledge,consolidating exclusive knowledge.The knowledge reproduction of enterprises circularly promotes the knowledge evolution and transformation and upgrading of enterprises,and goes through three knowledge development stages: “mitative competition”(knowledge structure is dominated by general knowledge),“differentiated competition”(knowledge structure is dominated by specific knowledge),and “oligopolistic competition”(knowledge structure is dominated by exclusive knowledge).Enterprises that can complete this process of knowledge evolution will eventually become the leading enterprises in their industry and occupy the top of the food chain.Secondly,based on the three-level knowledge of “general knowledge-specific knowledge-exclusive knowledge”,a static and dynamic evaluation analysis of 152 Chinese ICT listed companies from 2012 to 2019 was conducted using the “entropy method” and time series method.Empirical research shows that:(1)Static evaluation:From the horizontal dimension,the level of knowledge competitiveness of Chinese ICT listed companies is in a serious polarization phenomenon of “stronger is stronger,weaker is weaker”,and the data divide is further exacerbated.The imbalance in the distribution of knowledge competitiveness levels of Chinese ICT listed companies is very significant,and there is considerable variability even among the top ten scoring companies.From the vertical dimension,the overall knowledge competitiveness of Chinese ICT listed companies tends to be at the average level,with a relatively stable development and an overall improving trend.The variability of knowledge competitiveness of China's ICT listed companies is gradually narrowing,the gap between enterprises is decreasing,and the upward and downward fluctuations are becoming smaller year by year.(2)Dynamic evaluation: The enterprise knowledge competitiveness of Chinese ICT listed companies is in a more serious “Matthew effect”,and the gap of enterprise knowledge competitiveness among the sample ICT listed companies is still very large.Some enterprises currently rank high in knowledge competitiveness,but because other levels of knowledge are at a low level,they may have a lack of development momentum in the future.There are also some enterprises that have a low level of enterprise knowledge competitiveness in the short term,but because their specific knowledge index is currently at a high level,they will eventually be transformed into enterprise competitiveness in the future and become potential stocks for future development,which is the main direction for investors' future investment.Thirdly,heterogeneity analysis of enterprise knowledge competitiveness of Chinese ICT listed companies was conducted in terms of listed board,regions to which they belonged and years of establishment.The results show that: The level of enterprise knowledge competitiveness of ICT companies listed on the main board is higher than that of SMEs and GEMs,while ICT companies listed on SMEs and GEMs are less variable and show higher growth;ICT listed companies in China are mainly concentrated in coastal cities such as Bohai Bay,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,among which,the overall enterprise knowledge competitiveness of ICT listed companies in Bohai Bay,Beijing and Tianjin is higher than the average level of the sample companies,while ICT companies in Yangtze River Delta and some central and western regions have less variation,good development trend and high growth;The overall level of enterprise knowledge competitiveness of ICT listed companies established before 2002 is significantly higher than that of those established after 2002,while ICT listed companies established after 2002 show less variation and higher growth.Fourthly,the regression analysis of the relationship between enterprise knowledge competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness shows that enterprise knowledge competitiveness(i.e.relative knowledge level)is significantly and positively related to enterprise competitiveness,and the regression results are still robust and credible after considering the endogeneity issue,changing the explanatory variables and supplementing the control variables.Further analysis shows that knowledge has a lagged effect on enterprise competitiveness,and there is a positive relationship between knowledge at all levels and enterprise competitiveness.The effect of enterprise knowledge competitiveness on enterprise competitiveness is stronger for ICT listed companies on GEM compared to the main board and SMB.The effect of enterprise knowledge competitiveness on enterprise competitiveness of ICT listed companies differs among different agglomeration regions,mainly concentrated in coastal city regions such as Bohai Bay,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.The positive effect of enterprise knowledge competitiveness on enterprise competitiveness is stronger for ICT listed companies established after 2002,and has a greater positive contribution effect on enterprise competitiveness.