| In the society of knowledge economy, competition between enterprises is fierce day by day. The traditional means of achieving economic growth and competitive advantage that relies on production material and workforce can't meet the needs of modern enterprises competition any more. The business circles need to study a new method to improve the competitiveness of enterprises urgently. Competitiveness of enterprise has been widely studied by academia, but there are few achievement about the competitiveness of concrete industry enterprises, such as competitiveness of manufacture enterprises, it needs further exploration. The position of manufacture enterprises is very important in the national economy. Countries all over the world realize that they must regard manufacture enterprises as the emphases of development. But under the traditional economic function, because of the aggravation of competition, the added value that the manufacture enterprises creates is lower and lower, even relies on the gift of resources to seek surviving. This kind of phenomenon behaves more obviously in our country. As everyone knows, our country has already become the world " manufacture plant ", that the products spread all over the world. But the manufacture plant has not created the decisive advantage for our country, on the contrary, it has led to some dangers. First, the resource is excessively consumed. The excessively consumed resources have overwhelmed the energy and rare resource that development needs in the future. Once the global resources are absent, it will inevitably make the development of the economy of our country to fall into crisis; Second, as the added value and price is low, a lot of products are punished by foreign countries'anti-dumping and measure for measure of some foreign enterprises; Third, development of enterprises depends on the workforce's low cost excessively. As our country develops with international, more and more foreign enterprises make an investment in China and set up factories. This makes that the advantage in this respect of our country's enterprises losing gradually, and facing complicated living environment day by day. This forces manufacture enterprises to begin to seek new engines of development.In recent years, as a hot theme, knowledge receives extensive concerns. Knowledge is regarded as the important resource that like production material and workforce by the new institutional economics. With gradual improvement of people's understanding of knowledge, people even think that the status of knowledge is more important. And they realize more and more that knowledge is the key of advancing competitiveness in manufacture enterprises. The differences about the competitiveness of each industry enterprise are mainly from the differences of knowledge. How does knowledge play roles on competitiveness of enterprises, and what is its functional mechanism? To manufacture enterprises, how does it make decision of knowledge in complicated internal and external environment condition? These are the exact problems that this dissertation needs to study.The main researches and conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:(1)Confirming the decisive factors of competitiveness in manufacture enterprises. Only after making sure the decisive factors of enterprise competitiveness, we can adopt to the method to advance competitiveness pointedly. In the development process of the general enterprise competitiveness theory, a lot of schools about the decisive factors of competitiveness have appeared, such as endogenous theory (including with views of resources, views of ability), exogenous theory and other views of competitiveness. It has not formed the unified view yet up to now. On the base of the analysis about the decisive factor theories of enterprise competitiveness in domestic and international academia, this dissertation considers that the competitiveness of enterprise comes from the six aspects: basic resources ability, product innovation ability, cost ability, difference ability, enterprise operational ability and environmental adaptive capacity, and provides the measurement variables of the six dimensions of competitiveness in manufacture enterprises systematically, and constructs its distribution model based on value chain.(2)Studying the formation mechanism of competitiveness in manufacture enterprises based on knowledge. In order to study the roles on the competitiveness played by knowledge, this dissertation discerns the knowledge of manufacture enterprise firstly. Then it finds out the basic forms and distribution in the manufacture enterprises, and sorts out them according to tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Through the comparison of the knowledge competitiveness of different industries, it finds out that there are differences in the knowledge competitiveness of different industries because of the difference of knowledge. On basis of that, it studies the formation mechanism of competitiveness based on knowledge in manufacture enterprises. The concrete measure is to construct the formation mechanism model of the competitiveness based on knowledge in manufacture enterprises by studying the function mechanism to the six dimensions made by tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.(3)Knowledge conversion decision inside the manufacture enterprise. It is found that the tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge plays roles on competitiveness of enterprises under certain conditions, but the effects and conditions are not the same through the research of the formation mechanism of competitiveness based on knowledge in manufacture enterprises. This needs to make conversion of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge under rational condition. The conversion decision of internal knowledge of manufacture enterprise reflects the issues of enterprise level and knowledge worker. Enterprise is glad to make explicit of their worker's knowledge, but the worker is unwilling to do because of the benefit and cost. The research of this chapter is discussing the issue of internal knowledge conversion under the circumstance of enterprise and many knowledge workers. It confirms that the tactics of worker colony of high knowledge and worker colony of low knowledge firstly in case of enterprise's certain incentive mechanism. And it draws the conclusion by evolutionary game: in a situation that enterprise take action to reward to make explicit and punish to make tacit, high knowledge worker colony and low knowledge worker colony will usually adopt the same knowledge conversion tactics, i.e. to make explicit or to make tacit altogether. Then it confirms the incentive measures of enterprise and knowledge worker's concrete quantity of knowledge conversion. On this foundation, through analysis, the dissertation has drawn the following conclusion: The encouragement rate that enterprises take action to knowledge worker'making explicit is in inverse proportion to its own income; The quantity of knowledge that the knowledge worker made is positively correlated to the encouragement rate by enterprise, and is in inverse proportion to knowledge worker's marginal benefit. The rate of particular worker's explicit knowledge in the worker colony is in inverse proportion to its own cost of action, and is positively correlated to other knowledge worker's cost led by the explicit action; The rate of particular worker's explicit knowledge in the worker colony is positively correlated to its own marginal benefit and is in inverse proportion to other knowledge worker's marginal benefit from the action of making knowledge explicit; The rate of particular worker's explicit knowledge in the worker colony is positively correlated to the encouragement rate made by the enterprise. The same conclusion described above is suitable for the knowledge quantity that making explicit of particular knowledge worker.(4)The conversion decision of manufacture enterprise's external knowledge. Manufacture enterprise is in the complex circumstance of supply chain made up by numerous horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators, and each nodal enterprise has the problem of knowledge conversion, and influence each other. In the circumstance of every enterprise taking measure tit for tat, how does the manufacture enterprise make knowledge conversion decision for advancing its own competitiveness? This chapter draws the conclusion by research: the structure of supply chain plays roles on knowledge conversion decision; the manufacture enterprise's knowledge conversion decision, horizontal competitor and longitudinal cooperator all play roles to enterprise competitiveness, and obtains the manufacture enterprise's condition of knowledge conversion decision under various situations, and the decision conditions based on the supply chain's total performance. (5)The demonstration research of the competitiveness's formation mechanism model of manufacture enterprise based on knowledge. The mechanism model is the core of the dissertation, and it is also the basis of the following research about the knowledge conversion decision inside and outside the manufacture enterprise. In order to demonstrate the mechanism model, this dissertation select many manufacture enterprise of 15 representative industries as the sample, and make questionnaire survey. The result of demonstration supports the mechanism model effectively, and can be used as the basis of the following knowledge conversion decision.The main innovative points of this dissertation are as follows:(1) Systematically providing the six dimensions of decisive factors of competitiveness in manufacture enterprises.The views of academia are difficult to unify all along, and the dissertation finds out that there are some limitations about the views of competitiveness on the base of forefathers'research. So on the base of forefathers'views and the practicality of manufacture enterprise, the dissertation definitely provides six dimensions of decisive factors of manufacture enterprise: basic resources ability, product innovation ability, cost ability, difference ability, enterprise operational ability and environmental adaptive capacity, and found that the effect is very good through demonstration research. It verified the rationality of six dimensions of decisive factors of competitiveness in manufacture enterprises.(2)The formation mechanism of competitiveness based on knowledge in manufacture enterprises and constructing their models of mechanism.In order to study the formation mechanism of competitiveness in manufacture enterprise based on knowledge, this dissertation had studied the function relationship of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge to the six dimensions of competitiveness in manufacture enterprise separately: tacit knowledge is positively correlated to the basic resources ability, explicit knowledge is positively correlated to the basic resources ability, tacit knowledge is positively correlated to the product innovation ability, explicit knowledge is positively correlated to the product innovation ability, tacit knowledge of enterprise is positively correlated to the cost ability, while tacit knowledge of outer is negatively correlated to the cost ability, explicit knowledge is positively correlated to the cost ability, tacit knowledge is positively correlated to the difference ability, explicit knowledge is negatively correlated to the difference ability, tacit knowledge is negatively correlated to the enterprise operational ability, explicit knowledge is positively correlated to the enterprise operational ability, tacit knowledge is negatively correlated to the environmental adaptive capacity, explicit knowledge is positively correlated to the environmental adaptive capacity. On the basis of that, the dissertation constructs the formation mechanism model of competitiveness in manufacture enterprise based on knowledge. The result of demonstration indicated the rationality of mechanism model. (3) The internal knowledge conversion decision and its condition of manufacture enterprise In the circumstance of rewarding to make explicit and punishing to make tacit, the high knowledge worker colony and the low worker knowledge colony will adopt the same knowledge conversion tactics. On the base of that, it confirmed the encouragement measurement that the enterprises bring to knowledge worker and the quantity of their making explicit; It confirmed the punishing measurement that the enterprises bring to the knowledge worker and the quantity of their making tacit.(4) The knowledge conversion decision and its circumstance of manufacture enterprises in supply chainâ‘ The effect of the knowledge conversion decision brought by the structure of supply chain When studying enterprise's external knowledge conversion, considering the circumstance of supply chain which is made up by horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators, with the changing of the number of horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators, manufacture's decision result is different.â‘¡The effect of manufacture knowledge conversion decision brought by horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators When studying enterprise's external knowledge conversion, considering the circumstance of supply chain which is made up by horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators, the knowledge conversion action of horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators effect the manufacture's knowledge conversion decision.â‘¢The effect of manufacture enterprise's knowledge conversion decision brought by total performance of supply chainWhen studying enterprise's external knowledge conversion, considering the circumstance of supply chain which is made up by horizontal competitors and longitudinal cooperators, with the requirement of advancing the total performance of supply chain, that effect the knowledge conversion decision of manufacture enterprise.Certainly, because of the academic level and limitation of the outlook, the research to the knowledge and competitiveness of manufacture enterprise has a lot of contents to be explored. In practice, manufacture enterprise may face more complex environment, then it needs to study knowledge conversion decision of the particular manufacture enterprise, and realizes the lasting promotion of the competitiveness of manufacture enterprises.
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