Study On The Pollution Prevention And Control Behavior Of Pig Breeders And Effect Of Environmental Regulation

Nowadays,livestock and poultry breeding pollution has become the pressing problem in rural society and agricultural development.In 2014,China’s pig slaughter volume is 735 million,ranking first in the world,accounting for about half of the worldwide aquaculture,while fecal emissions of pig breeding has become one of the main pollution of livestock and poultry breeding.Therefore,how to deal with the constraints between natural resources and environment so as to achieve sustainable development has become an urgent problem.According to the China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Statistics Yearbook(2015).In 2014,the number of pig slaughter in size of 50-499 accounted for 75%of the total number of large-scale farming(households)field,which indicates that family farming in Large-scale farming in the main body occupies a larger proportion.Because of the decentralized,public,and concealment of family pig breeding pollution,the effectiveness of expost measures and regulatory policies has weaken heavily.In addition,the existing literature research emphasizes the realistic problem and the solution for it.However,most of the researches focus on factors such as economic,technology,policy and environmental management tools to carry out theoretical analysis,while lacks of empirical evidence.Moreover,the researches carried out on micro-breeding households did not find the strong argument and good solution to characterize the pollution control behavior.Thirdly,the study on environmental regulation was mainly based on normative analysis,and focused on the evaluation of measures under a single sectional data.Based on the realistic background and researches,this paper uses the Rooting Theory to carry out qualitative research on the pollution prevention and controlled behavior of pig breeders,and clearly defines the specific performance and quantitative characterization of harmless treatment and resource utilization behaviors of pig farmers.At the same time,it also clarifies the psychological cognition and environmental regulation variables which are factors of farmers’ pollution prevention and control behavior.Among them,the cognitive variables include behavioral attitude,subjective norm,perceptual behavior control and environmental risk perception.Environmental regulation variables are divided into guiding,incentive and restrictive measures.Then,Structural Equation Model was used to test the mechanism of psychological cognition of breeders’ pollution control behaviors.What’s more,it also utilized the Hierarchical Regression Model to demonstrate the effect of environmental regulation on the pollution prevention and control behavior.In addition,this paper established dynamic simulation model of pig pollution control system based on the theory of System Dynamics to compare the dynamic simulation effect of pollution control by controlling the different environmental regulation parameters.Based on the above research work,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The results shows that the implementation of resource utilization of pig farmers reacts better than the harmless treatment behavior.In detail,the fertilizer and energy reuse behavior and biogas digesters facilities have better performance.Farmers have a positive invention to reuse resources and usually spend time and effort on pollution control,but the adoption of harmless treatment technology and capital investment intentions are negative.The characteristics analysis of pollution prevention and control behaviors showed that the pollution control behaviors and intention have certain significant difference in individual,family and breeding characteristics.(2)The behavioral attitude,subjective norms,behavioral perception control and environmental risk perception have a significant positive impact on pig farmers’invention to prevention and control of pollution,and have an indirect positive effect on prevention and control behaviors by mediating effect of invention.Moreover,it shows risk perception has a direct effect on the harmless treatment and resource utilization behavior,and perceptual behavior control only has a direct positive effect on the harmless treatment behavior.(3)In addition to psychological cognition factors,the environmental regulations also had the significant effect on the pollution prevent and control behaviors.Hierarchical Regression Model analysis showed that guided environmental regulation had a significant positive effect on both of pollution prevent and control behaviors,and the incentive environmental regulation had a significant effect on resource utilization behavior.Constraint regulation strategy only had a significant regulating role on the innocent treatment behavior.(4)The empirical analysis showed that the difficulty of giving up farming to resettle of farmers is negatively regulated in the pollution prevention and control.While the informal system rooted in daily life and rural society customs has strong binding on pollution prevention and control behaviors.Due to the randomness and lagging of aquaculture pollution,key supervision has become a reasonable and effective choice for the implementation of the sewage technology standard measures,which resulting in it do not have significant adjustment effect.Moreover,the results showed that mandatory command feature of technology promotion make it have a significant effect on the pollution control and control behaviors.In addition,it indicated that manure consumption and transactions only has a significant impact on the resources utilization behavior.(5)The dynamic simulation results compared the different effects of environmental regulation variables on the timing and subject dimensions.The study shows that the guiding for giving up for other jobs may bring out wait-and-see psychology to the farmers,which will cause short-term bounce of the policy.The informal system such as publicity,education and village regulations has a significant cumulative effect.The pollution control subsidy not only has good immediate effect,but also has the better cumulative effect tihan the baseline state.Reducing the corresponding technical promotion level will have a greater effect on cutting down the pollution rate.The effect of the transaction factors on the pollution control behavior is relatively weak.In addition,through the mandatory breeding control means blindly is not an effective measure for pollution prevention and control.According to these results,the paper puts forward the countermeasures to promote the pollution prevention and control:(1)The government should make full use of the characteristics of group behavior differences by playing the leading and guiding role of the positive group to improve the situation of pollution prevention and control behaviors.(2)the government should increase and enrich the means of publicity and education as well as pay attention to the use of informal communication to improve the farmers’ ability to accept the concept of governance and policy;(3)They should support the development of planting and breeding combined with ecological agriculture industry chain in order to speed up the improvement of organic fertilizer production,sales and consumer markets,which can create a favorable external environment for promoting pollution prevention and control;(4)They should also focus on the optimal use of incentive environmental regulation by accelerating the construction of technology promotion system,in particular,to strengthen the training and the introduction of professional personnel.Moreover,it should continue to promote the development and implementation of subsidies policy to encourage farmers’ environmental protection behaviors.(5)Livelihood of farmers and the stable supply of pork products market should be taken into consideration when government assesses the environmental carrying capacity in order to cultivate a modest scale of farming.In addition,it is necessary to increase the intensity of industrial transfer support,and change supervision,warning,disciplinary and other mandatory administrative measures to combine with the application of incentive regulatory instruments to correct the pollution prevention and control of farmers environmental positive externalities.