A Study On The Mechanism And Efficiency Of Tourism Ecological Compensation

In recent years,due to the contradictory relationship between tourism development and the ecological environment,Tourism Ecological Compensation(TEC)has increasingly become a hot topic of research in domestic and international academic societies.In the process of tourism development,the natural resources shared by stakeholders are occupied.Its obvious external effects can cause economic benefits or losses for the local community residents,turning the established into the unknown,as well as the conservation or destruction of natural resources and the improvement or deterioration of the symbiotic environment.Therefore,based on the consideration of ecological justice and social equity,to promote the sustainable development of tourism,it is necessary to construct a reasonable Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism to solve the real and potential conflicts.China has established a relatively comprehensive Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism at this stage but has not yet built a closed-loop system for policy operation.At present,there are few studies on how to evaluate the efficiency of the operation of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism,and it has not been put into practice,which largely affects the perfect evolution of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.The theoretical significance of this study is to enrich the theoretical and methodological system of ecological compensation research and to broaden the research perspective and field of tourism ecological economics.The practical significance is to build a long-term mechanism for Tourism Ecological Compensation,to provide a reference for the design of Tourism Ecological Compensation policy,and to provide experience for the development of tourism industry and ecosystem protection in resource-rich and economically deprived areas.This study takes the mechanism of Tourism Ecological Compensation and its efficiency as the research object.Relying on the new ecosystem theory,externality theory,ecological justice theory,ecological capital theory,public goods theory,sustainable development theory,and circular economy theory,the study compares the domestic and international research on Tourism Ecological Compensation.By using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods such as hierarchical analysis,comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method,questionnaire survey method,and statistical analysis method,the basic connotation,development motivation,mechanism composition,and influencing factors of Tourism Ecological Compensation are analyzed,so as to build a Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism efficiency evaluation index system and comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model.At the same time,the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area is evaluated by using the evaluation index system and evaluation methods.On this basis,the path to optimize the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in China is proposed by combining the practical experience of Tourism Ecological Compensation at home and abroad.The main research contents and findings are as follows:1.The construction of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is necessary for nature tourism sitesTourism development and ecological environment interact with each other,and the environmental conditions of tourist places are closely related to the perception of tourist effects so that the necessity and importance of protecting the environment of tourist places should be fully recognized.Tourism development has both positive and negative impacts on the ecological environment.Therefore,it is necessary to protect the ecological environment system of tourism sites while developing tourism and coordinate the interests of all parties.The construction of a scientific and effective Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is of great practical significance for the harmonious development of tourism and environment and the comprehensive development of economic,social and cultural,and environmental benefits of tourist areas.2.The construction of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is the result of a combination of internal and external motivationsThe internal factors that drive the construction of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism originate from the contradictory interests and demands of the natural ecosystems of tourism sites in the process of tourism development.Tourism development and tourism activities have typical externalities,and it is necessary to establish a relevant system to solve the problem of negative externalities in tourism development,that is,it is necessary to internalize the costs of negative externalities of tourism development and tourism activities,so as to induce relevant interest subjects to reduce the negative externalities of their behavioral activities or bear the costs for them.At the same time,we should encourage the positive externalities brought by tourism construction and conservation behaviors,internalize the benefits of tourism construction and conservation behaviors in order to promote relevant interest subjects to increase the positive externalities of their behavioral activities and receive compensation or incentives as a result.The external motivation for the construction of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism mainly comes from the rise of awareness of ecological civilization construction in the context of social development and the diversification of paths,the development of Tourism Ecological Compensation theory and practice,and the construction and optimization of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.These external factors together drive the continuous improvement of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.3.The elements of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism jointly influence the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanismThe Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is composed of basic elements such as compensation subject,compensation target,compensation standard,and compensation method,which do not exist in isolation but work together within the framework of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism to promote the basic operation of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.The management mechanism of Tourism Ecological Compensation is the basic guarantee for the smooth operation of the Tourism Ecological Compensation element mechanism.It is necessary to set up a Tourism Ecological Compensation decision-making and planning organization in tourist areas to promote the smooth and efficient implementation of ecological compensation work and realize the long-term effectiveness of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.The coordination mechanism of interests among the stakeholders in the tourism area is constructed to coordinate the interests between the main body of Tourism Ecological Compensation and the compensation targets,the interests among the compensation targets in the tourism area,and the sharing of Tourism Ecological Compensation funds and tourism ecological benefits across regions,so as to ensure the reasonable distribution of Tourism Ecological Compensation funds and the fair sharing of benefits.Construct a scientific evaluation mechanism to clarify the status and timing of Tourism Ecological Compensation projects in the overall Tourism Ecological Compensation planning of tourist areas.Strengthen the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of Tourism Ecological Compensation funds to ensure that the use and efficiency of the funds meet the regulations and expectations.Focus on assessing the environmental,economic,social,cultural,and political impacts of Tourism Ecological Compensation policies on tourism sites.Improve the guarantee system of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism including system guarantee,financial guarantee,technical guarantee and supervision guarantee,etc.,to promote the efficient and standardized operation of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.4.Fuzzy evaluation method is suitable for evaluating the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanismThe fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is a comprehensive evaluation method based on fuzzy mathematics.This comprehensive evaluation method converts qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation based on the affiliation theory of fuzzy mathematics,which means that fuzzy mathematics is used to make an overall evaluation of things or objects that are subject to multiple factors.It has clear and systematic results,can better solve fuzzy and difficult to quantify problems,and is suitable for various non-deterministic problems.Tourism Ecological Compensation efficiency evaluation involves many indicators,and the evaluation has qualitative characteristics,so the fuzzy evaluation method is applied for comprehensive evaluation.The efficiency evaluation index system of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is guided by the principles of scientificity,operability,and systematization and constructs three levels of objectives,dimensions,and indicators based on the objectives and influencing factors of efficiency evaluation.The indicators were selected by the frequency analysis method,and the comparative weighting was assigned to the indicators by using the hierarchical analysis method and consulting experts in the fields related to Tourism Ecological Compensation.According to the experts’ opinions,the index system was adjusted to obtain a total of 34 indicators in 5 dimensions,including environmental efficiency,economic efficiency,social efficiency,cultural efficiency,and political efficiency,in accordance with the three principles of scientific,operability,and systematicity.Based on these foundations,an efficiency evaluation model of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism based on fuzzy evaluation method was constructed.The specific evaluation results can be obtained by inviting experts to evaluate the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism through three steps:establishing a set of factors for evaluating the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism,constructing a set of rubrics for evaluating the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism and conducting a single-factor fuzzy evaluation.The evaluation results are used to construct the affiliation subset of each item in the C layer,and then the affiliation matrix of the B layer is obtained.Then the composite operation of the fuzzy matrix is performed,and the comprehensive evaluation result of the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation can be obtained.According to the principle of maximum subordination,the final conclusion of a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is drawn.Through the empirical study on the evaluation of the operational efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area,it can be found that the conclusions of the quantitative study are basically consistent with the researcher’s observations and the results of the interviews with the respondents.This result indicates that the evaluation index system design and method selection are feasible and can be applied to other regions rich in natural resource elements and vigorously developing ecotourism.The evaluation of the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation promotes the improvement of the efficiency of the implementation of Tourism Ecological Compensation policy and promotes the positive interaction between tourism development and ecological conservation.5.Tourism Ecological Compensation in Wulingyuan Scenic Area is starting to show results,but still not idealBy establishing the efficiency evaluation factor set and efficiency comment set of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area,10 experts were invited to assign scores to evaluate the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation.The ecological efficiency(3.0487)and economic efficiency(3.1461)is between average and good,while the social efficiency(2.8684),cultural efficiency(2.9144),and political efficiency(2.9934)are all close to average.The comprehensive efficiency evaluation value of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in Wulingyuan Scenic Area is 3.0562,and experts believe that the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in Wulingyuan Scenic Area is above average,and there is still a certain distance from good.By means of a questionnaire survey,the perceived efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area was calculated to be ETCP=3.3.This result shows that the perceived efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism by the community residents is also above average.Further optimization of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is needed.6.China’s Tourism Ecological Compensation Mechanism Needs Continuous ImprovementThe problem of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in China is the inadequacy of the legal protection system for Tourism Ecological Compensation,especially the lack of specific laws at the national legislative level to guarantee the operation of the policy.Secondly,the source and quantity of funding are weakly secured,still relying mainly on government financial input and limited financial resources,which affects the effectiveness of Tourism Ecological Compensation.Third,compared to the maturity of national environmental protection awareness and community involvement,our community residents are more passively involved than actively engaged in conservation.Therefore,to optimize the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism in China,first of all,the basic principle of the design of Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is to determine the value orientation and target orientation to be accurate.That is,the ultimate goal is to achieve the sustainable development of the natural ecology of the tourism and tourism industry,to create a circular economy.At present,the basic model of Tourism Ecological Compensation,which is government-led,market regulation,and social participation,is adhered to.Adhere to the implementation of unified authority and responsibility,dynamic supervision,and multiple compensations.Secondly,optimize the mechanism of the elements of Tourism Ecological Compensation,clarify the relationship between the rights and responsibilities of the subjects and objects of Tourism Ecological Compensation,and scientifically calculate the compensation standards.Special attention is paid to understanding tourists’ willingness to pay and payment standards by using the conditional value evaluation method,and reasonably choosing a feasible Tourism Ecological Compensation method,optimizing the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism design from the perspective of the four most basic elements: compensation subject,compensation object,compensation standard,and compensation method.Compensation mechanism design.Once again,we explore the improvement of the management mechanism of Tourism Ecological Compensation from four aspects:decision-making and planning mechanism,benefits coordination mechanism,performance evaluation mechanism,and social participation mechanism,and improve the operational efficiency.Finally,we will explore the guarantee system of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism because the technical guarantee scheme is operable and effective for ecosystem protection.Therefore,the application of new energy technologies and carbon trading schemes to reduce the pollution of tourism sites is studied separately to improve the efficiency of ecological tourism protection from treatment to prevention.After that,the continuous optimization of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is explored in terms of legal protection system,financial protection system,and supervision and protection system construction.The main innovations of this dissertation include the establishment of a theoretical model of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism and the construction of an economic model for the evaluation of the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism.The evaluation index system of the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is constructed and verified by the evaluation of the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation in the case area.The efficiency evaluation index system of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism is systematically constructed to solve the problem that efficiency evaluation is too subjective and vague.The economic model and evaluation index system were also used to evaluate the efficiency of Tourism Ecological Compensation in the case area and to verify the validity of the index system and the economic model.To design a scientific and long-term Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism for the case area and provide a basis for the relevant departments to make decisions.Evaluate the effectiveness of the Tourism Ecological Compensation policy based on the evaluation of the efficiency of the Tourism Ecological Compensation mechanism,identify the problems of Tourism Ecological Compensation,and propose ways to improve it.