Ecology Efficiency Evaluation Of Tourism Ecosystem Based On Emergy Theory

In recent years,with the acceleration of modern industrialization,the economy of each nation and region is booming,which leads to the growing demands of human beings on the material culture.It provides huge opportunities for the development of tourism.However,the acceleration of tourism development makes developers pursue direct economic benefits,while ignore the ecological protection of scenic spots.It causes that scenic spots,the material carrier of tourism development,are facing more and more serious ecological problems.Issues such as the improper exploitation of ecotourism resources and rough management of tourist activities put remarkable pressures on the ecological environment of scenic spots,making a threat to the sustainable development of the ecological tourism.Taking scenic zones of Mount Emei as an example,the paper intends to combine the emergy analysis method and ecological efficiency theory to screen emergy indexes,establish the emergy index system of the scenic spots ecosystem,and build the emergy-ecological efficiency analysis model by virtue of the research on the material and energy flow among the natural,social and economic ecosystem.It also aims to compute the input-output ratio of tourism ecosystem resources,assess the ecological efficiency,the emergy level and sustainable development capacity of the ecosystem of scenic spots in Mount Emei,which provides references for its comprehensive assessment and sustainable development.The following conclusions related to the ecosystem of scenic spots in Mount Emei are obtained by virtue of researches:?1?Its total emergy consumption in 2017 is 5.93×10²⁰ sej,including the renewable resource input of 6.68×10¹⁹ sej,community input of 3.16×10¹⁹ sej and tourism input of5.26×10²⁰ sej.Among them,tourism investment accounts for 83.41%of the total emergy input of the system,which provides material guarantee for the tourism development of the tourist attraction,and thus relatively high economic benefits are achieved.The per capita emergy possession volume,emergy density,and emergy output rate of Mount Emei tourist attraction are relatively high,which contributes to the successful conversion of natural resources and tourism resources of this tourist attraction into economic benefits,and highly promotes the development of the social economy within the system and the regional economy at the periphery of the system.This leads to the achievement of diversified integration and co-development of the natural ecosystem protection with the tourism industry,social culture and regional economy.The tourism economy is the major economic form of the sustainable development of the ecosystem in the tourist attraction.?2?Its total emergy output in 2017 is 8.46×10²⁰ sej,which includes the tourism output of 2.29×10²⁰ sej,waste output of 2.47×10¹⁹ sej and ecosystem output of 5.92×10²⁰sej.The benefits of tourism development include the revenue obtained from tourism activities and the ecosystem services from natural ecosystems.The negative impact is mainly the impact of the waste generated by tourism activities on the natural ecological environment.The positive impact of Mount Emei tourist attraction is far greater than the negative impact.Among the positive effects,the proportion of ecosystem service output is particularly high.?3?The intensity of tourism development and the sustainable development capacity of tourist attractions are highly correlated.The ecosystem of Mount Emei tourist attraction is a consumption-oriented tourism economy.The ecological efficiency is at a medium level,and the natural geographical environment,ecological environment,and the composition of the ecosystem are fragile to some extent.In the emergy input structure of the system,the emergy input is more dependent on the input of external resources.Tourism investment accounts for a large proportion of the total emergy usage,and the proportion of the renewable resource input is relatively low,which means the structure of the emergy inputs are not reasonable,and environmental loading ratio is high.?4?Promoting the localization of the resource input to the tourist attraction is the trend and orientation of the sustainable development of tourist attractions.The ecosystem of Mount Emei tourist attraction relies too much on the input of non-renewable resources from tourism development,and both the environmental loading ratio and the environmental index caused by waste discharge are relatively high.These are the main factors restricting the sustainable development of Mount Emei tourist attraction.Increasing the proportion of local renewable resource input and improving the usage efficiency and output efficiency of the emergy are inexorable demands to enhance the sustainable development capacity of tourist attractions.Finally,according to the current development conditions of the ecosystem of scenic spots in Mount Emei,it proposes the following suggestions in order to ensure its sustainable development.Firstly,the investment and input ratio of the local renewable resources,as well as the utilization efficiency of the internal resources should be enhanced.In addition,its dependence on the external input resources should be lowered.Secondly,it is of significance to make continuous attempts to take the advantages of the tourism industry so as to advance people's living standards and regional economic development.A positive cycle that increases the resident income,protects ecological environment and makes sound development of tourism should also be formed.Thirdly,the tourism development should follow the principle of moderation.It means reasonably regulating and controlling the tourist flow volume,guiding tourists to stagger visiting time,and reducing the environment stress of tourism on the scenic natural ecosystem.