The Dikes Lead To The Country:Civil And Official Governance In Water Control System

The third plenary session of the 18th central committee of the communist party of China proposed to "promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity".The process of the modernization of national governance capacity is ultimately the process of the transformation of state functions.Rural governance is an important issue in China’s modernization process,and it is also the focus of current academic research.In the traditional society,"the imperial power does not belong to the county",and rural governance mainly depends on the clan and gentry in the rural society at the grassroots level.With the advancement of modernization process,in the process of nation-state construction,how to improve the state function,correctly handle the relationship between the state and the grassroots rural society,and realize the modernization of governance system and governance capacity has become a problem that needs to be discussed and solved.Taking the water control system as the research object,this paper,from the perspective of historical institutionalism,makes a dynamic diachronic investigation and analysis of the changes,organizational structure and operational logic of the water control system in the historical process from the traditional social period to the social reform after the founding of new China.Water control system as the research object of this paper and the research of the introduction,based on the size of the system of water conservancy,water conservancy,water level and water conservancy model for comprehensive analysis,and in the act of water conservancy derive depth profiling of social relation network,the harnessing of associated with the state,to explore the governance capability and the change of state functions.As a correlation study,this paper takes banbian yuan,a natural village,as the basic point to push outward,and the gradual change of the scale of the water control system on banbian yuan and the evolution path of state power construction as the core variables,and describes the water control system on banbian yuan from two dimensions of space and time.On the basis of the study,the author tries to from the size of the water conservancy system and change the viewpoint of operation mode,explore the historical change of the state power building of grass-roots water conservancy system formed and what impact the running mode,and thus,further change of different period water-control system reflected the change of the function of our country,the national capacity were discussed,and found that the function of water conservancy and national relations and water conservancy embodied in the process of nationalization.So it provides some reference for current water control activities and the modernization of our country’s water control system.In terms of writing logic,this paper starts from the public function of the state--water control.In Chinese history,there was a tradition of displaying the country through water control.It can be said that in the traditional social period,water control was an important part of the country’s public function as well as an important aspect and content of national governance,which was the starting point of this paper.Then,this paper describes the natural environment of longwan area,where banbian yuan is located,and shows the historical background of the Yangtze river basin and the foundation for the formation of water control society,laying a foundation for a better understanding of various relationship networks and behaviors in the process of water control.Then the article takes the historical institutionalism as the analysis Angle of view,takes the national nature transformation as the time node,divides into three stages.The first stage was the feudal autocratic society before the opium war.At this time,the construction of state power had not yet started,the state was separated from society,and the governance of grassroots society mainly depended on the endogenous rural forces such as the gentry.As the second stage from the opium war to the semi-feudal and semi-colonial society before the founding of new China,the nature of the state changed.This was also the period when the state power began to be built,and the state power began to permeate the grassroots society.The third stage is the period from the founding of new China in 1949 to the present,when the people’s democratic dictatorship was established and the building of state power was carried out in an all-round way and gradually adjusted and improved.In the first stage,China is a "traditional country",with no county under the jurisdiction of the emperor,and the construction of state power has not yet been carried out.The water control system in the grassroots rural society is mainly small and mainly governed by the natural villages.As this stage lasted for a long time,only the most representative period of Ming and qing dynasties was selected for elaboration in order to ensure the authenticity and scientificity of the research by referring to literature.During this period,banbian yuan was an independent small-scale water conservancy system with natural villages as its unit.In the process of water control,half of the embankments circled by dikes and five surrounding natural villages with similar areas connected their embankments to resist floods,forming a new and larger system of water control over liuhe embankments.Banbian yuan is not only an independent water control system,but also a part of the liuhe yuan water control system.Although there are differences in scale between banbian yuan and liuhe yuan,the two water control systems are mainly governed by the people and the state is mainly a bystander in grassroots water control activities.The second stage was the late qing dynasty and the republic of China period.Due to the invasion of western imperialist powers,the rule of the feudal landlord class faltered.In order to maintain the rule,the qing government began to carry out reforms in various aspects and tried to start the construction of state power,but it ended in failure.After the establishment of the government of the republic of China,it continued to promote the construction of state power,and state power began to penetrate into the countryside.A number of scattered water control systems in longwan area are connected with embankments and embankments and embankments and embankments.A large water control system covering the region--dongda yuan,banbian yuan and liuhe yuan are all subordinate to dongda yuan and should be involved in the water control activities of dongda yuan.Different from banbian yuan and liuhe yuan,under the social background of the construction of state power,the state power began to penetrate into the grassroots,and the state started to establish corresponding administrative organs and special responsible personnel at the grassroots level to connect the state with the grassroots society,and carry out activities such as uploading and releasing.The longwan district government has special officers and the inspection department to manage and direct the water control activities of dongdayuan.The water control of dongdayuan did not rely solely on the private forces,and the state began to participate in the water control process.With the expansion of water control system,the main body of water control and the level of water control,the role of the state in water control at the grassroots level has been transformed into a participant.The third stage was after the founding of new China,the country began to make full efforts to build the political power,and after experiencing the omnipotent people’s commune period,it was adjusted to the rural politics and village governance under the condition of socialist market economy.During this period,the ability of state construction and governance was enhanced.Countries dominate the grass-roots water conservancy activities in the form of administrative commands,dispel polder,repair the jingjiang reach dike,half liuheyuan itself and the liuheyuan liuheyuan which,neusoft liuheyuan dike is broken,the original water conservancy system has disappeared,replaced by half liuheyuan in longwan district was incorporated into the river cut-off dike of the cross-regional large-scale water conservancy system,half liuheyuan within the villagers to participate in the jingjiang reach dike construction,maintenance and flood control and disaster relief activities,state by previous participants into a dominant role.Through an all-round dynamic analysis of the three stages and different scales of water control systems where banbian dike is located,it can be found that there are certain differences in the operation mode and effect of water control in different historical stages and different scales of water control systems.In the process of social change,the expansion of scale,subject and level of water control system is only a superficial problem,while the expansion and deepening of state functions and capabilities is the fundamental problem behind the change of water control system.On this basis,the paper further discusses the evolution law of state functions,the relationship between state capabilities and state functions,and then deepens the relevant thinking of the nationalization paradigm,in an attempt to explore the direction of promoting the modernization of the national governance system in the new era.This paper comes to the following conclusions:First,the expansion of water control system reflects the expansion and deepening of state functions.Water control is an important part of China’s national governance and an important part of the country’s public functions.The change of water control system from civil administration to government administration,the expansion of water control system and the increase of water control levels reflect the expansion and deepening of national water control,which is the embodiment of the infiltration of state power,as well as the enhancement of state capacity and the expansion and deepening of state functions.Second,water control is a process of nationalization.In the period of traditional society,"the state is not present",and the grassroots people cannot feel the existence of the state.With the development of society and the expansion of water control system and subjects,the state is highly involved in the process of water control.Water control is the direct implementation of the will of the state and the direct extension of the state functions.Through water control,the state will be more extensive and deep into the society,strengthening people’s national consciousness.Third,we should build a "small but strong" modern country and realize the integration of"nationalization" and "social discourse".To enhance the capacity of the state,narrow the scope of its functions,realize the specialization and specialization of its functions,and establish a government that is both "limited" and "effective".