The Optimization Design Of External Interface Windows Of Prefabricated Apartments In Cold Areas Under The Guidance Of Low-carbon Goals

In the context of the increasingly severe global greenhouse effect,how to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases mainly represented by carbon dioxide has become an important issue facing the world.The construction industry in China consumes a large amount of energy and has huge potential for energy conservation and emission reduction.It will play an important role in the process of achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peaking.In recent years,the market demand for apartment buildings has increased rapidly.With the improvement of people’s demand for indoor comfort in apartments,its building energy consumption and carbon emissions will inevitably increase.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on energy saving and carbon reduction of apartment buildings in cold regions.Since apartment buildings are mainly composed of several identical living unit modules,which are very consistent with the modular,standardized,and industrialized design and construction concepts of prefabricated buildings,the number of prefabricated apartments has increased significantly in urban construction and development.The external interface of the building is the medium that separates the indoor and outdoor spaces of the building.The external interface window is not only the main factor to meet the requirements of indoor lighting and ventilation and improve the appearance of the building,but also its energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the building envelope.Therefore,in the context of the green and low-carbon development of the construction industry,research on the low-carbon design of the external interface windows of prefabricated apartments is carried out,and measures and paths to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions are discussed.Taking the cold area as an example,this paper takes the outer interface window of the apartment as the research object,and conducts a research on the optimization design of the outer interface window of the prefabricated apartment under the guidance of low-carbon goals.The main contents are as follows:First,combined with the development status and future development trend of construction industry,the concepts related to the research object are expounded.In addition,by sorting out the relevant academic research results in the field of low-carbon design of residential buildings and window optimization designs,summarize the relevant building energy conservation Low carbon design theory and technology system.Through the investigation of the apartment instance and the physical environment field test,the current situation and existing problems of the apartment are analyzed,and the theoretical support and practical basis for the following research are provided.Second,based on the climatic characteristics and energy consumption status of cold regions,the window design elements are decomposed from the aspects of orientation,form,structure and other components,and the influence of each element on carbon emissions is analyzed,and the impact of low-carbon window design is constructed.The framework of factor system is proposed,and the single-factor and multi-factor analysis methods of window low-carbon design are proposed,which lays the foundation for the parameterized and quantitative calculation of window design and revealing the influence law of different window influence factors on carbon emissions.Thirdly,a low-carbon design sensitivity study is conducted on the single influencing factor of window design elements.Based on the investigation of apartment cases,the basic model studied in this paper is extracted to determine the calculation scheme,and the design of the influencing factors in the window design elements are parameterized.Moreover,the functional calculation formulas for energy consumption and carbon emissions are established.According to the calculation of energy consumption and carbon emission,the sensitivity of each influencing factor to the objective function is analyzed.The research results show that the low carbon design sensitivity of a single element of the window from high to low is: window orientation > window size > window heat transfer coefficient > window vertical position >window shape > window horizontal position.Fourth,carry out research on the impact of window multi-element combination design on building carbon emissions.A window multi-element combination design analysis platform is built,which uses the Phython programming language to propose a computer algorithm suitable for window multi-element combination design and studies the influence relationship between window multi-element combination design and carbon emissions.The value of the ratio limit value should be southward > northward > eastward > westward.In the current relevant energy-saving design standards,the requirements for the east-west window limit are the same.The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the revision of relevant standards in the future.Fifth,based on the low-carbon sensitivity analysis results of window design elements,a low-carbon design strategy with different influence factors and multi-elements of windows is proposed,combined with sunshade components and three-dimensional greening components to carry out a diversified combination design research.In additon,this paper puts forward the integrated design method of photovoltaic components and windows.This paper focuses on the window design of the external interface of prefabricated apartments in the cold area of China,it uses the computer algorithm to build a multi-element low-carbon design simulation analysis platform for window designs.The results provide new ideas and methods for low-carbon designs of external interfaces of prefabricated apartments,which helps to provide references for the theoretical research and engineering practice of low-carbon design of other types of buildings,and promote the green and low-carbon development of the construction industry.