Research On Modern Architectural Expression Method Of Traditional Architectural Formal Language From The Perspective Of Modern Language Philosophy

In the context of promoting traditional culture and establishing cultural confidence in the contemporary era,it is urgently needed to turn the trend of the gradual loss of urban cultural characteristics in the modernization construction.Architectural form plays an important role in the shaping of urban culture,and traditional architecture has gradually precipitated into various formal vocabulary that maintains cultural beliefs and spiritual needs after a long period of evolution,and continues its life in modern architecture.In this paper,taking Xi’an--a typical city with traditional Chinese architecture--as an example,considering the actual needs of modern architectural forms and traditional architectural forms in the fusion method,combined with the corresponding disciplinary issues of the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese architecture,taking "architectural formal language" that can be used as the integration point of traditional architecture and modern architecture as the study object,and taking the generalized language in modern language philosophy as the foundation of "architectural formal language" as the basis,the universal rules and methods revealed by the modern language philosophy at the level of ideological expression were expounded to the modern architectural expression methods of the language of traditional architecture forms,aiming to explore a new way of thinking for the integration of traditional architectural forms and modern architectural forms to enrich the existing regional architectural design method system.On the basis of organizing the traditional architectural form vocabulary and related modern architectural cases(taking Xi’an as an example),and taking the generalized language in the three types of modern language philosophy of analytic philosophy,structuralism and phenomenology as the basis of architectural formal language,the universal rules and methods revealed by modern philosophy of language at the level of thought expression were used to expound the following three types of modern expression methods of the language of traditional architecture forms from the three horizontal dimensions of "language and the world-language and its structure-language and people" and from the four vertical levels of "language nature-thinking mode-expression rules and methods-architectural transformation".Method 1: the analytical philosophy method based on the view of logical language focusing on the dimensions of "language and world"(architectural entities).The Wittgenstein’s "Language Image Theory" was taken as the main line,the relevant language theories of Frege and Russell were taken as the supplementation,and the relevant architectural theories of Roger Scrutton,Cheng Yue and others were combined.The nature of architectural formal language and the expressed thinking mode of expression are all based on logic.The modern architectural expression methods of "state" and "show" two traditional architectural form languages were expounded by dividing the traditional architectural form vocabulary of "speakable" and "unspeakable" of logical language.The "speakable" traditional architectural form vocabulary can be "stated" more possibilities of traditional architectural forms through "decomposition" and "construction" methods.Method 2: The structuralist method based on the view of structural language focusing on the dimension of language itself(architectural relations).The Roman Jacobson’s structuralist poetics was taken as the main line,the theories of Roland Barthes,Ferdinand de Saussure and others were taken as the supplementation,and the relevant architectural theories of Graves,Eisenman,Bu Zhengwei and others were combined.The nature of architectural formal language is the "language structure" composed of "relationships",and the expressed thinking mode is the unconscious with the same structure as language.The modern architectural expression methods of two traditional architectural formal languages "selection axis-metaphor" and "combination axis-metonymy" were expanded,and the relationship between the traditional architectural form vocabulary and the relationship between the traditional architectural form vocabulary and various elements in the general language system was mainly explored.Method 3: the phenomenological method based on the view of ontological language focusing on "language and architects"(architect’s understanding of architecture).The late Heidegger’s ontological language theory was taken as the main line,the early Heidegger’s language theory and the late Merleau-Ponty’s language theory were taken as the supplementation,and the relevant architectural theories of Norberg-Schultz,Steven Holl and others were combined.The language of architectural form has the characteristics of "Aletheia-Logos" dynamic operation,and the thinking mode is "Noein".The modern architectural expression method of the traditional architectural formal language was expounded from "architectural works’ narrative" to "architect’s formal expression",and the occurrence of self-speaking of traditional architectural form language and the understanding and expression of architects without distinction between subject and object were mainly explored.These three types of methods are complementary in the nature of architectural formal language,the architectural design methods and the architectural design thinking mode.In this paper,the possibility of comprehensively using three types of methods was explored based on Merleau-Ponty’s comprehensive thinking on different theories.The analytic philosophy method based on the view of logical language takes whether it can be decomposed into "facts"(descriptions with judgmental significance)as the standard,dividing the traditional architectural form vocabulary into two categories of "speakable" and "unspeakable" by logical language,which focus on the expression of the traditional architectural form vocabulary in the category of "speakable" by logical language,the logical language is "unspeakable" to the traditional architectural form vocabulary related to "relationship" and "people".Based on the structuralist method of the structural language view,a set of language structure models composed of "selection axis-metaphor" and "combination axis-metonymy" were constructed to express the traditional architectural form vocabulary related to "relationship" in the "unspeakable" by logical language.The phenomenological method based on the ontological view of language can directly obtain a specific understanding of the formal vocabulary of traditional architecture by restoring it to the integrated intersection of Architects and traditional architecture without distinction of subject and object,so as to express the traditional architectural form vocabulary that needs to be directly grasped by architects in the "unspeakable" traditional architectural form vocabulary of logical language.The comprehensive use of the three methods is beneficial to comprehensively and deeply grasp the integration of traditional architectural form and modern architectural form.