Assessment On Urban Photovoltaic Utilization And Its Spatial Planning

As an alternative energy,photovoltaic power(PV)has increasingly become a main development direction of worldwide energy structure transformation.Compared with other traditional energy technologies,PV generation has more inherent technical characteristics such as low energy density,intermittence and instability,so it more relies on the sound planning and deployment to achieve its optimal utilization.Traditional energy planning is usually based on the formulation of basic development targets,lacking comprehensive consideration of resource distribution and the spatial planning,it therefore can not meet the development needs of large-scale utilization of urban photovoltaic in the future.In this regard,this paper proposes the concept of "urban PV spatial planning",which is aiming to make a comprehensive discussion on the allocation of environmental resources and optimization adjustment of spatial planning in the process of future urban PV utilization by active spatial planning adjustment.The reasonable evaluation method of PV utilization is necessary for the adjustment of urban PV spatial planning.Combined with the economic and technological characteristics of PV generation,the current application and development stage of PV generation in China,this paper analyzes the basic planning needs faced by future urban PV spatial planning,and summarizes them into three main aspects: The improvement of self sufficient degree and energy stability,the improvement of ecological-economic benefits and the improvement of local energy efficiency.However,existing PV utilization evaluation methods lack the consideration of energy supply and demand,spatial and temporal variation dimension,ecological economic benefits of specific station location,unified measurement of macro dimension energy supply and demand relationship,besides,an obvious split between different spatial dimensions,which can not guide the orderly adjustment of urban PV spatial planning.In response of these,this paper improved the evaluation methods of different spatial dimensions.As for distributed PV generation in urban built-up area,we proposed an evaluation method based on PV substitution rate,PV utilization rate and energy supplying stability,and takes Hohhot as an example to evaluate the power characteristics of each urban spot after PV installation;For utility-scale centralized PV power station,we put forward a siting evaluation method based on emergy analysis,and evaluates the ecological-economic benefits of each station location in Inner Mongolia;And based on the entire relationship of regional PV power supply and demand,we proposed that PV power generation should be considered as an important resource and environmental carrying capacity,that is,PV carrying capacity which has integrated the distributed PV generation,centralized utility-scale power station and urban energy load,and made a corresponding assessment on the PV carrying capacity of global cities and regions.Then,according to these evaluation models,the key points of future urban PV spatial planning in China are also analyzed.On this basis,the essence,the hierarchy and relationship with other plannings of urban PV spatial planning are also elaborated.Finally,combined with the current stage of PV development and the main problems in the process of urbanization in China,this paper comprehensively discussed the overall strategy of PV utilization in the future from three levels of main function area planning,land use and ecological environment protection planning and urban-rural planning.The results show that the active spatial planning adjustment has important forward-looking significance for the large-scale utilization of urban PV in the future.The main conclusions including: 1.The reasonable mix of building functions and the adjustment of urban spatial planning density are of great significance to improve the self sufficient degree and power reliability of PV utilization;2.Transmission distance is the primary factor affecting the ecological-economic benefits of PVstation siting,and therefore the contradiction between PV land occupation and urbanexpansion will become an important problem in future urban PV spatial planning;3.Compared with other countries,adjusting the population,urban layout and balancing of urban-rural differences may be more effective to meet the optimization of PV utilization for China.This study is an effective supplement and expansion of the existing urban PV utilization theory,and also an extension of the overall association between PV planning and urban planning.And the methods used in this paper can also provide important research ideas and practical basis for the formulation and adjustment of urban PV spatial planning strategy in the future.