Study On The Juyong Pass Defence Area Of The Great Wall In The Ming Dynasty

Juyong Pass defence area is representative of the large-scale pass city defence system in the traditional military settlement of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.It is located at the Great Wall boundary inside and outside the Ming Dynasty as an essential barrier for Beijing.As the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is a complex system,the Juyong Pass defence area includes Juyong Pass in the narrow sense.It consists of pass city in the broad sense,Juyong Pass trench,and all military settlements in the defence area.Although there is no lack of thematic research on a certain Great Wall settlement in Juyong Pass or the defence area,there are still many gaps in the formation process,overall framework,mechanism of action,and linkage effect Juyong Pass in the Ming Dynasty Great Wall system.It is urgent to establish a database of military settlements in Juyong Pass defence area,which can be integrated into the overall framework of the Ming Great Wall.By using geographic information technology,interdisciplinary and low altitude information collection,this paper tries to clarify the hierarchical system of the Juyong Pass defence area and the cooperative relationship between this core fortress and other core settlements in The Ming Great Wall.This study is divided into three parts.Firstly,in the first chapter,the advantages and disadvantages of the current research results on the Great Wall Juyong Pass defence area in the Ming Dynasty are summarized.The main research objects,research methods and main basis of this paper are defined.In the second chapter,the historical development process of the Juyong Pass defence area sorted out,the level of military settlements in the defence area is divided,and the protection status of representative settlements and the Great Wall side walls in the area is summarized by combining historical data and on-site reconnaissance.Secondly,chapter 3,4 and 5 focus on the internal Juyong Pass defence area,successively analyzes the defence mode of the Juyong Pass defence area,Juyong Pass ditch and Juyong Pass city.The third chapter studies the relationship between the Juyong Pass area and the Taihang Mountain range,the overall distribution of military settlements and the density distribution of military forces,and the influence of natural geographical factors on settlement site selection.The fourth chapter studies the relationship between Juyong Passgou and Junduxing,the construction characteristics and coordinated defence strategies of the five cities of Juyong Pass trench.It compares them with the defence sequence of Yanmenguan.The fifth chapter studies the internal spatial layout of Juyong Pass pass city and key buildings’ construction process.It compares it with the three passes inside and outside the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.Finally,chapter 6 focuses on the Juyong Pass defence area’s role in the Ming Great Wall system.From the defence area to the whole Ming Great Wall,the paper analyzes the natural joint defence of Juyong Pass with Huanghua defence area,Zhenbao Town and Xuanfu Town,the indirect joint defence with the three internal and external passes,and the overall joint defence with all the essential nodes of the Ming Great Wall.Based on the Juyong Pass defence area’s joint defence characteristics,the protection strategies that respect the integrity and coordination of Juyong Pass pass city,Juyong Pass trench,Juyong Pass defence area,internal and external three passes and even all-important pass areas are put forward.The above researches on Juyong Pass defence area from different levels not only sorted out the construction history and hierarchical system of the Juyong Pass defence area in the Ming Dynasty but also established the geographic information database of all levels of settlements in the Juyong Pass defence area for the first time,and built a complete military framework of Juyong Pass Under the overall defence system of The Great Wall in Ming Dynasty.By placing Juyong Pass in the massive Ming Great Wall defence system,this paper presents the multiple values of Juyong Pass as a vital defence node of the Ming Great Wall.It takes Juyong Pass as an example to dig out the characteristics of large-span joint defence of core nodes of the Ming Great Wall system,thus providing an important reference for the research and protection of the military fortress of the Ming Great Wall.