Research On The Ying-Tsao Characteristics Of Historic Stone-built Dwellings In The Taihang Mountain Area Of Hebei Province

The Taihang Mountains,spanning four provinces(cities)in Beijing,Hebei,Henan,and Shanxi,represent the earth and rocky mountainous areas in northern China.Located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains,Hebei’s Taihang Mountains are characterized by vertical rocky terrain,fewer kinds of wood and more stones,backward economic level,utilitarian spiritual beliefs,and social culture under the influence of firm culture,which has given birth to many traditional dwellings built in stone,with the main supporting structure and envelope structure made of stone masonry.Facing the problem of urban-rural development duality,the loss of vernacular style,the decline of vernacular cultural identity,and the fundamental dilemma of traditional masonry dwellings,as well as the relative lag and weakness of the region’s dwellings in the national dwelling research system,and the lack of systematic and indepth research,this paper takes traditional stone-built dwellings in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei as the object of study,through the methods of documentary evidence and field research,inductive comparison,qualitative and quantitative analysis,and based on architectural typology,combined with architectural anthropology,cultural geography,communication science,sociology,and other related theories,systematically sorts out the external expressions and reveal internal relationships with the natural environment,economic development,social culture,and other aspects.The "space,form,behavior" research system was established to analyze the characteristics of traditional masonry dwellings in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei.The dissertation is divided into two main parts: fundamental and characteristic.The primary research section,firstly explains the background of the study,clarifies the research objectives,research objects,and research scope,and improves the research connotation and theoretical basis of "Ying-Tsao" based on the shortcomings of domestic and foreign research,thus proposing the research structure of this paper and determining the main research contents and methods.Secondly,it presents the context of traditional stone-built dwellings from five aspects: geographical location,history,natural environment,human environment,and surrounding regional environment in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei,and show the interrelationship between the regional environment and traditional masonry dwellings in the Taihang Mountains in Hebei,to establish the foundation for the following study.In the characteristic section,About spatial form,based on the hierarchical relationship of spatial organization,the research framework of spatial morphological characteristics is structured from microscopic to macroscopic,from a building,courtyard to settlement,exploring the essential characteristics of each level,including spatial units,functional requirements,spatial forms,spatial structures,and their influencing factors,and clarifying traditional stonebuilt dwellings in Hebei Taihang Mountains under the influence of the natural environment of the steep mountain.In terms of construction form,takes the foundation-means-results as the research path,breaks down the construction system into three subsystems: material-structure,construction-decoration,fa?ade-performance,and analyzes the system form,construction method,and interface form in each subsystem to find the characteristics of traditional stonebuilt dwellings that are suitable for the local productivity level.In terms of construction behaviors,explore the behavioral characteristics of traditional stone-built dwellings that follow the social and cultural development of the Taihang Mountains in Hebei,starting from three groups of relationships: people and people,people and gods,people,and materials,to examining the artisan system,ritual taboos,and the construction process respectively.The paper focuses on the connotation of "Ying-Tsao." It takes "characteristics" as the main body of research,integrating the technical characteristics and cultural connotations of traditional masonry dwellings in the Hebei Taihang Mountains,showing the characteristics of traditional stone-built dwellings through three aspects: spatial form,construction form,and construction behavior,and providing a more comprehensive historical basis,technical support,and construction reference for the conservation and development of traditional stone-built dwellings in the local area and even in the country.