Evaluation Of Fire And Wind Protection Performance And Preventive Protection Of Guangzhou Architectural Heritage

Guangzhou’s architectural cultural heritage is rich in types and numerous in quantity.Due to its layout characteristics and climate conditions,it is often threatened by fire and wind disasters.At present,the environmental changes caused by urban renewal and the protection and utilization of architectural heritage in Guangzhou may also cause new wind disasters and fire hazards.Therefore,the coupling effect between the wind environment of architectural heritage and fire hazards cannot be ignored.Thanks to the development and application of computer numerical simulation methods,it is possible to simulate and analyze the disaster environment of architectural heritage,evaluate the wind and fire protection performance of architectural heritage,analyze its vulnerable parts and take repair and reinforcement measures.This is an important prerequisite for the realization of preventive protection of Guangzhou architectural heritage,and it is also the trend of research on disaster prevention and protection of architectural heritage.First of all,the paper combed the current situation and shortcomings of the research on the preventive protection and disaster prevention and mitigation of architectural heritage at home and abroad,summarized the style types,structural types and characteristics of Guangzhou’s architectural heritage,as well as the potential risks of wind and fire,indicating that the computer numerical simulation method can quantitatively evaluate and analyze the disaster prevention performance of architectural heritage,which is conducive to the research on disaster prevention and preventive protection of architectural heritage.Secondly,based on the research theories and methods of building structure wind engineering and fire safety engineering,the paper uses the computer numerical simulation method to establish the evaluation methods and indicators of the wind and fire protection performance of building heritage according to the characteristics and needs of building heritage protection,and focuses on the following three aspects:In the first aspect,the paper summarizes the fire characteristics and fire hazard forms of Guangzhou architectural heritage,compares the deficiencies of the current domestic architectural heritage fire protection design codes,conducts a detailed investigation and statistics of the fire load of Guangzhou architectural heritage,and solves the problem of setting fire power in the performance-based fire protection evaluation of Guangzhou architectural heritage.Taking the typical ancestral temple building in Guangzhou as an example,the fire dynamics simulation was carried out to analyze the fire risks of different patio enclosure degrees in the reuse scheme of the ancestral temple building,and to determine the indoor fire scene status and personnel evacuation safety under specific fire scenarios,respectively,whether they meet the building heritage fire protection safety goals.In the second aspect,the paper starts from the traditional fire separation structure of Guangzhou architectural heritage,and considers the coupling factors of environmental wind speed and fire.The fire dynamics simulation is used to analyze the performance of the temple building gable and Qingyun Lane to block the fire spread under different ambient wind speeds,proving that when the ambient wind speed exceeds a certain threshold,the building roof flash fire has the risk of long-distance ignition.The paper also takes the street and lane interfaces of bamboo tube houses in the historical and cultural blocks of Guangzhou as the fire scene,compares the fire impact and spread of different building facade opening ratios and street and lane spacing under different environmental wind speeds,simulates and analyzes the rationality of the value of fire separation between door and window openings in the Code for Fire Protection Design of Building Heritage,and makes suggestions on the value of fire separation within the groups of building heritage under different environmental wind speeds.In the third aspect,the paper analyzes the forms and characteristics of wind hazards faced by Guangzhou’s architectural heritage.On the one hand,it pays attention to the impact of the protection and utilization of architectural heritage on wind protection,and on the other hand,it pays attention to the wind environment interference effect of adjacent high-rise buildings on low building heritage,which not only amplifies the strong wind damage caused by typhoon disasters,but also increases the probability of local strong wind areas under normal wind environment,greatly weakening the performance of traditional fire separation measures,Fire hazard is formed.The paper evaluates the influence range and distance of wind environment interference effect of single high-rise buildings with different heights and widths in different wind directions,which is easy to form local strong wind and negative pressure interference in the sector area with the windward corner of the building as the center.Finally,the paper proposes a preventive protection strategy for architectural heritage based on the evaluation of wind and fire protection performance.In addition to the current common disaster prevention and preventive protection measures in the field of heritage protection,it can also combine the advantages of computer numerical simulation methods to evaluate and analyze the fire separation and fire vulnerable parts of architectural heritage,while taking into account the factors of architectural heritage protection and urban renewal to change the wind environment,Quantify and evaluate its interference to the wind load of the architectural heritage and the surrounding wind environment,so as to take reinforcement measures for fire and wind resistance in advance.The research in this paper integrates many disciplines such as architecture,building structural wind engineering,fire safety engineering,urban and rural planning,computational fluid dynamics,etc.,and systematically establishes the evaluation methods and indicators for the wind and fire protection performance of architectural heritage,making up for the shortcomings of existing research,which can not only be used in the case study of the protection and utilization of Guangzhou architectural heritage and urban renewal,but also provide a reference for the wind and fire protection evaluation of domestic architectural heritage.At the same time,the paper combines the research on building heritage fire prevention and wind prevention at the technical level,focuses on the coupling relationship between the wind environment factors of building heritage and fire risk,and quantitatively analyzes the influence scope and degree of wind environment interference effect,which proves that the change of urban renewal to the wind environment of building heritage will also form serious fire hazards,which is worthy of attention.