American Public Library Architecture Research Based On Regulations And Strategic Planning

In October 2020,the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee deliberated and adopted the Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the Fourteenth Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Vision for the Year 2035,which proposed to improve the public cultural service system during the "Fourteenth Five Year Plan" period and achieve the equalization of basic public services by 2035.On January 1,2018,the Public Library Law of the People’s Republic of China wa Os officially implemented,and both announced that China has entered an era of comprehensively promoting the development of public libraries.Public library undertaking is a public facility set up by the state to guarantee citizens’ equal and free access to knowledge and information.Public libraries are also an important part of education and social culture.As the subject of responsibility for construction and development,governments at all levels have one of their responsibilities to establish sound policies and regulations to provide institutional guarantee for public library undertakings.Therefore,the construction and development of public libraries are greatly affected by laws and policies.The discussion of their construction inevitably involves the study of relevant laws and regulations,and inevitably involves the formulation guidance of strategic planning.Under this social background,it is of great significance to establish and improve the research system of library building mode from the perspective of interdisciplinary and overall view.Under the discipline background,the macro and integrity of this type of architectural design research under the guidance of public library policies,regulations and strategies in the industry is obviously insufficient.The United States is the country with the largest number of public libraries,the widest coverage,the most complete library legal system,the most mature system,and the most developed public library cause in the world.The "American Library Model" is considered by the library industry to be equivalent to the modern public library model.The planning and design practice started early and has strong referential value.The perfect library construction system and long-term stable development in the United States depend on the sound legislative guarantee of libraries at all levels,the clear guidance of thorough construction standards and norms,the correction and correction of analysis,the consultation and use evaluation procedure,the guidance of dynamically updated strategic planning,and the adaptive architectural design and forward-looking architectural trend prediction under the protection of many laws and regulations and strategic guidance.Based on the above background of times and professional needs,the interdisciplinary theoretical research method focusing on library discipline and architecture discipline is adopted,and the American public library architecture is taken as the object,connect it to the complex system of historical evolution,social development,legal change,and library discipline evolution,in order to reveal the linkage mechanism between the architectural design and those important key factors,such as legal protection,standard guidelines,and strategic planning,and constructs a set of research theories on the construction of American public libraries under the guidance of laws and regulations and strategic planning.On this basis,the study also compares the construction of public libraries in China and the United States from multiple aspects,hoping to provide some reference for the construction of public libraries in China.The full text is nearly 260000 words.Taking the legal norms and strategic planning of American public libraries as the starting point,and adopting the research methods of literature research,interdisciplinary research,field survey,comparative analysis,case analysis,etc.The paper conducts an in-depth study on the system construction of American public library architecture,which under the protection of the legal system and the guidance of the strategic planning.The study was token at three levels.The first part is the argument,including the first chapter and the second chapter,which mainly discusses the research background,research purpose,research object,literature review,research significance,research framework and innovation of this paper.The second chapter is the pilot basic research,which summarizes the overall construction overview of American public libraries,summarizes the factors that affect the development of American public library building forms,and sorts out its development and evolution along the time axis.It mainly summarizes the development of Carnegie Library,which is strongly affected by the sponsorship system,to lay a solid foundation for the follow-up research.The second part is the core part of this paper,including Chapter 3 to Chapter 7.It sorts out several important key factors such as legal protection,standard guidance,strategic planning,etc.,reveals the linkage mechanism between these key factors and architectural design,and constructs a set of research theory of American public library construction based on legal protection and strategic planning guidance.The details of the second part are as follows:The third chapter focuses on the legal protection of American public libraries and its related key points.This chapter discusses in detail and summarizes the legislative evolution,general situation,current legal system and main contents of the federal legislation,state legislation and other industry laws of American public libraries.Then,it summarizes the main contents of the management and construction of American public libraries,as well as the legal protection of multi fund allocation.It also expounds the evolution process of public library building development brought about by multi-level legislation,zoning laws and regulations,architectural trend,public demand,library service content,general branch library system,Carnegie Library Plan,etc.The fourth chapter focuses on the construction standards and design guidelines of American public libraries.This chapter first elaborates the construction standards of public libraries from the service population,service capacity,library collection,and other factors,and then take Wisconsin,Iowa,and Illinois as typical case analysis.Secondly,from the site selection strategy,base evaluation,site planning,general layout design,detailed design indicators of each functional area,this chapter expounds the construction guidelines and design guidelines of public libraries in the United States.The fifth chapter focuses on the strategic planning of American public libraries.This chapter first expounds the basic research of strategic planning of American public libraries and the value trend of library construction brought out by it.Secondly,it summarizes several use evaluation reports of American public libraries in recent years.Thirdly,it studied the mode of library design and construction with user participation,as well as the construction process of consultation,evaluation,and approval.The last part of this chapter displayed the effect of public library construction under the guidance of the evaluation system and strategic planning.The sixth chapter elaborates the mesoscopic site selection strategy and micro architectural design mode of American public libraries under the guidance of laws and regulations and strategies.This chapter collects a large number of contemporary American public libraries cases,including new construction,reconstruction and expansion cases,classifies the libraries into independent libraries,expansion and reconstruction libraries,compound comprehensive libraries,special location sites and other types,and expounds the architectural design techniques of American contemporary public libraries from the perspectives of typical functional composition,dynamic and static zoning,vertical,spatial organization,polysemy,furnishings,architectural style,lighting,design and construction.Chapter 7 discusses the design trend of American public libraries in the future from the perspective of strategic planning guidance and library service transformation in the information age,including paperless trend,the third space,maker space,combination of libraries,space services,creative incubation,environmental friendliness,lifelong education,community identity and other trends,as well as green library response strategies under the impact of the epidemic.The third part is the demonstration and reference part of this article,including the eighth and ninth chapters.The eighth chapter adopts a typical case-the construction history and expansion development case of Nashville public library system,as the practical proof of the construction of the whole theoretical system,to demonstrate the process of American public library construction practice under the guidance of laws and regulations and strategic planning in the form of a case.The ninth chapter makes a general comparison of the construction systems of Chinese and American libraries by means of comparative research,and puts forward the parts that can be used for reference in the American model,but also points out the reality that cannot be fully borrowed due to different national conditions,in order to provide reference for the construction of public libraries in China.The appendix at the end of the paper summarizes the distribution samples of ten urban public libraries in the United States.The building sample information and service function information of twenty-five AIA/ALA award-winning libraries are summarized.The survey questionnaire of Pew Research Center’s public library users has been sorted out and translated,hoping to help the future library construction research work.In 2015-2016,as a visiting scholar,I conducted a one-year special study visit at the University of Michigan.I have made an in-depth study of American library theory,investigated more than 20 public libraries on the east and west banks,conducted weekly actual use of libraries as users,and conducted user interviews,accumulating many first-hand materials.At the same time,after returning to China,I guided many graduate students to complete master’s theses on library related research and completed several library architectural designs,laying a rich foundation for field research,design practice and theoretical research.In many years of research on public libraries,it is increasingly found that on the road to establishing and improving the public library system in China,the construction of libraries cannot be separated from the support of policies and regulations to independently explore their architectural design itself.Especially,the public library buildings that have been developed in large numbers in recent years are particularly dependent on laws and policies.Therefore,the innovation of this paper lies in the following four points.First,it is the first time to build an interdisciplinary research platform for library laws and regulations and library architectural design.This paper adopts the method of interdisciplinary joint research,deeply analyzes the interaction,development process,latest achievements and development trends between American public library architecture and legislation,deepens the understanding of the discipline of architecture on libraries,policies,regulations,and strategies,and reveals the important role of regulatory factors in the construction of public libraries.Secondly,it is the first time to compile and sort out the laws and regulations that guarantee and affect American public libraries,including American library laws and regulations,policy systems,norms and standards,construction guidelines,etc.,thus revealing the role of improved American laws and regulations in promoting the construction of public libraries.The third is to analyze many architectural design cases of contemporary American public libraries,systematically summarize the techniques and architectural models adapted to the architectural design of American libraries,summarize the breakthroughs and innovations in the architectural form of library types,and provide a summary of international advanced experience for the architectural design of Chinese public libraries.Finally,it is the first time to systematically summarize the cutting-edge research of various complex disciplines that affect the design of library architecture.Combining theory with demonstration,and facing practical application,it explores the guarantee and guidance of library architecture design based on law,library science,management science,etc.,and inspires and promotes the discipline research,overall planning process,construction procedures,etc.of other public welfare buildings with strong legal and policy dependence.