Study Of Drivers’ Behavior Characteristics And Hazard Perception Ability Characteristics And Enhancement Method In Low Illumination Environment At Night

Under the condition of nighttime driving,the decrease in environmental illumination leads to a decline in drivers’ visual function,which in turn affects their physiological and psychological characteristics,driving behavior,and hazard perception.The high frequency and severity of nighttime traffic accidents can be attributed to these factors.Statistics show that the probability of road traffic accidents occurring in low illumination conditions at night is approximately 1.5 to 2 times higher than during normal daylight conditions,with a higher likelihood of fatal accidents.Human factors account for the majority,around 90%,of all traffic accidents,making research focused on human-related factors crucial.However,there is still a lack of systematic understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying driver behavior changes and effective strategies for enhancing hazard perception in low illumination driving environments.Based on this,the paper aims to investigate driver behavior characteristics under low illumination conditions and explore the influence mechanisms of low illumination on driver behavior.By focusing on the changes in following distance,lane changing behavior,speed selection,and hazard perception levels of drivers in low illumination environments,the research will concentrate on methods to enhance drivers’ hazard perception capabilities under such conditions.The study aims to further expand and extend accident risk prevention theories and methodologies for low illumination environments,ultimately enhancing nighttime road safety.The main research tasks are as follows:(1)Analyzing statistical data on road traffic accidents in urban low illumination conditions,investigating the impact of various factors on nighttime road traffic accidents.Multiple dimensions,including demographics,spatial-temporal characteristics,and the four elements of traffic,will be analyzed to understand accident characteristics.Additionally,an accident severity model will be constructed,and quantitative research on accident causes will be conducted using the Odds Ratio(OR)calculation method.(2)Constructing a questionnaire on driver behavior characteristics under low illumination conditions based on existing driving behavior surveys.Taking into account various influencing factors,the questionnaire will focus on drivers’ following distance,lane changing behavior,speed selection,and hazard perception levels in low illumination environments.The questionnaire will undergo reliability and validity tests.Furthermore,a causal relationship model will be developed to explore the correlations between drivers’ following characteristics,lane changing frequency,speed selection behavior in low illumination environments,and their hazard perception levels and risky driving behaviors.(3)Designing strategies to enhance drivers’ hazard perception capabilities under low illumination conditions based on the "knowledge-belief-behavior" theory.Simulated driving experiments will be conducted to collect relevant behavioral data.By conducting in-depth data mining and using difference heatmaps,the regularities and differences in drivers’ eye movement behavior,physiological behavior,and driving behavior before and after receiving hazard perception training will be described.This will validate the effectiveness of the proposed enhancement strategies.(4)Constructing a prediction model for drivers’ hazard perception capabilities based on two dimensions: drivers’ visual search abilities and the objective risk level of the driving scene.The effectiveness and feasibility of the model will be validated through comparisons with other models.Additionally,the SHAP algorithm will be used to analyze the black-box process of hazard perception level prediction,revealing the influence and significance of drivers’ behavior and demographic characteristics on their hazard perception capabilities during the driving process.In conclusion,this paper focuses on the research topics of driver behavior characteristics and hazard perception of drivers in low illumination conditions at night.Based on traffic accident data,the research delves into the changes in following distance,lane changing behavior,speed selection,and hazard perception levels of drivers in low illumination environments.It further investigates the influence of low illumination environments on drivers’ hazard perception capabilities and proposes methods to enhance drivers’ nighttime hazard perception.The research results will provide a theoretical foundation and methodological support for improving drivers’ hazard perception capabilities and formulating measures to prevent and control traffic accident risks in low illumination environments.