Integrated Self-powered Multi-functional Wings For Flapping-wing Micro Air Vehicles

The Flapping-wing Micro Air Vehicle(FWMAV)is a complex microelectromechanical system that mimics the functions of flying creatures in nature,exhibiting unique characteristics of bionics and miniaturization.Most of the FWMAV prototypes are still confined to laboratory settings due to the constraints imposed by miniaturization and lightweight design requirements,which limit both onboard energy capacity and sensing device equipment.The aerodynamic load capacity of microscale FWMAVs is generally insufficient,severely impacting their endurance performance as they struggle to accommodate large-capacity energy systems.Furthermore,the existing flaws in the FWMAV flight awareness system,such as low integration,single-state target monitoring,high mass,and excessive onboard energy consumption during operation further escalate the flight cost.To address these challenges pertaining to energy systems and airborne sensing in FWMAVs,an innovative approach that integrates triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)with flexible wing structures adaptable for FWMAVs is proposed.This dissertation primarily focuses on enhancing the energy efficiency of miniaturized and lightweight-designed FWMAVs while introducing a self-consistent method for onboard energy sensing.The key contributions of this research include:1.A prototype series of biplane FWMAVs and the systematic biochemical design framework are proposedThe innovative presentation includes the concepts of the biplane FWMAV prototype series and its design.Systematically,the electromechanical system design framework for the FWMAV is presented,encompassing flapping-wing transmission design,bio-inspired control strategy design,and flight control system design.Investigation into vortex field evolution and aerodynamic mechanisms of biplane flapping flight is conducted,along with measurement of the FWMAV’s aerodynamic performance.This study sets the stage for further discussions on integrating micro-and nano-energy systems with flexible structures of FWMAVs.2.TENG-integrated multi-functional wings for flapping mechanical energy harvest are proposedAn ultra-thin sandwich structural wing integration technology using silk-fibroin film material as the friction layer is proposed,which realizes the innovation of ultra-flexible and ultra-lightweight TENG structure based on biological materials.The main function of the integrated wings is to conduct mechanical energy conversion of flapping wing motion,which lays a technical potential for FWMAV to improve flight efficiency and prolong flight endurance.Additionally,a self-powered flapping frequency monitoring method based on the triboelectric output analysis is proposed.Finally,the aerodynamic measurements verify that the TENG integrated wings maintain the pneumatic functions,which guarantee flight stability,and they positively enhance the onboard load of the FWMAV.The proposed technique provides a blueprint for further study on TENG applied in FWMAV’s multi-functional investigations.3.A field-view model for triboelectric nanogenerator motion superposition analysis is proposedFirstly,a field-view analysis method for TENG is proposed and a finite-sized conductive plane model(FSCP)is constructed,which aims at modifying simplification assumptions of the capacitor model towards TENG.Secondly,a motion superposed output model(MSO)is proposed to establish the correlation between decoupled spatial motion parameters and outputs,which can accurately analyze the TENG output characteristics under three-dimensional motion.The proposed model has excellent accuracy in TENG output prediction and energy conversion efficiency calculation,which expands the scope of engineering application of TENG’s theoretical model.Furthermore,they verify the feasibility of flexible integration of TENG and wing structure from the theoretical level.4.A self-powered dynamic flapping motion monitoring technique towards FWMAV based on the TENG integrated wings is proposedAn optimized local integration technique for TENG with flexible wing structures is proposed.According to the proposed MSO model,the signal output under the influence of wing deformation is analyzed and the theoretical output model of the TENG integrated wing is established.A self-powered dynamic monitoring principle of the flapping-wing motion through a comprehensive analysis method with model and measurement data is proposed to solve real-time flapping-wing motion parameters.The proposed method realizes real-time dynamic sensing of multiple monitoring targets such as flapping-wing frequency,flapping-wing angle,and wing surface deformations.