| Cattle gastrointestinal tract has the ability of digesting plant resources,transforming hybrid polysaccharides in plant cell wall into monosaccharide,short chain fatty acids,and can absorb and utilize inorganic nitrogen of low biological value to produce high biological value protein for use,like microbial crude protein.It has very high biological significance.From calves to adulthood,gastrointestinal microbes change with the development of gastrointestinal function.To study the difference of microbial community composition and metabolic regulation between calves and adult cattle,it is helpful to reveal the related microbial regulation mechanism,which is affecting the development of rumen and large intestine.And it is useful to excavate the microbial resources and apply microorganism related technology in scientific breeding.In this study,a new strain of Qinchuan cattle,one of the five native yellow cattle breeds in China("Qinchuan Beef cattle"),was used as the research object.Using the method of high-throughput sequencing,the differences and metabolic mechanisms of the rumen and the large intestine between the calf of 6 months and the adult cattle of 36months-old were analysed.The composition of rumen and large intestine microbial communities in different developmental stages were discussed.The regulation mechanism of microbes on gastrointestinal function development aims to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the scientific cultivation of Qinchuan beef,the exploitation of beneficial microbial resources,or the application of microorganism related techniques in modern molecular breeding.The main research results are as follows:1.The diversity of gastrointestinal microbial community of Qinchuan beef cattle at the age of 6 months and 36 months.It was found that the rumen microorganisms of Qinchuan beef cattle mainly dominated by firmicutes,bacteroidetes,and fibrobacteres.Compared with 6 months,at 36 months age,The rumen function development was mainly due to the decrease in the number of bacteroidetes(P<0.05),and the increase in the number of firmicutes,fibrobacteres,helicobacter and tenericutes(P<0.05);among them,the numbers of prevotella,monicerus,succiniclasticum-spp.and ZF231-spp.decreased;the numbers of fibrobacter,ruminococcus,and BF311 genus increased.The large intestine microorganisms are mainly dominated by firmicutes,bacteroidetes,and helicobacter.Compared to 6 months,at 36 months age,the functional development of the large intestine was mainly the decrease in the number of firmicutes,and helicobacter pylon(P<0.05),and the number of bacteroidetes,verrucomicrobia,proteobacteria,and lentisphaerae increased(P<0.05).Among them,ruminococcus,bacteroides,5-7N15 bacterial genus,monicerus,CF231 bacterial genus and oscillospira all increased.2.Functional genome on gastrointestinal microbe of Qinchuan beef cattle at the age of 6months and 36 months.It was found that,at the different stages of 6-month-old calves and 36-month-old adults,gastrointestinal microbes took part in mainly regulation by amino acid transfer metabolism,energy transfer,carbon transfer metabolism,ribosomal formation and cell membrane production.And they involved in energy metabolism,genomic signal transduction and environmental information progress.Meanwhile,in the carbohydrate conversion and hydrolysis,the microbes were mainly in the process of glycoside hydrolysis,glycosyl transfer related to the degradation of plant fibers.At 6 and 36 months of age,there were significant differences in more than 35 metabolic pathways,including endothelial tissue system regulation,on gastrointestinal microbes(P<0.05).In microbial gene regulation,rumen microbes play a significant role in the regulation of 9 functions,including coenzyme transfer and metabolism,energy production and so on(P<0.05).Large intestine microbes play a significant role in the regulation of 10 functions,such as,cellular activity,lipid transfer metabolism and so on(P<0.05).In the process of carbohydrate transfer hydrolysis,rumen microbes have remarkable effect in the regulation of 105 carbohydrate transfer hydrolysate families including GH13(P<0.05).The effect of large intestine microbes on the regulation of 59 carbohydrate transfer hydrolysate families,including cbm34,is significant(P<0.05).In conclusion,on the basis of exploring the differences in the distribution of gastrointestinal microbial communities between 6-month-old and 36-month-old Qinchuan Beef cattle,this study combined with the differences of microbial metabolic regulation.The relationship between the composition of gastrointestinal microbial community and metabolic regulation of Qinchuan beef cattle at different ages was preliminarily explored,which provided certain theoretical support for the application of microorganism related techniques in the production and breeding of Qinchuan beef cattle in the future,as well as for modern molecular breeding. |
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