Study On Practice Of Local Knowledge On Breeding And Utilization Of Local Cattle By Miao People In Western Hunan

TThe relationship between man and nature has been the focus of ecological ethnology for a long time.How man gets along with the natural ecosystem affects the local ecological security.As one of the domestic domesticated livestock in China,the yellow cattle has long been in harmony with its culture and ecology,forming a unique local knowledge.Under the impact of modern breeding technology,the traditional local knowledge about cattle breeding and utilization is facing many difficulties and challenges.How to bring into play the contemporary value of local knowledge of cattle breeding and utilization in China under the social background of the new era has become an important issue of academic concern.Taking H Town,Fenghuang County,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province as the field investigation site,this paper selected the local cattle of Xiangxi as the research object,and studied the local knowledge of breeding and utilization of local cattle of The Miao people in Xiangxi by using the methods of participant observation,in-depth interview and historical documents.This paper discusses the cognition and management of local cattle,diversified utilization,local practice of project operation and contemporary value of local cattle breeding.The Miao people in western Hunan settled down in Western Hunan after many migrations.The miao farmers living in H town on the platform of La ’er Mountain created the traditional festival and ritual culture with local characteristics according to the special geographical space environment.Cattle domestication has ancient history in our country,xiangxi native cattle after migrating from the north to the south of the historical process,after entering La Er Shan platform and alpine region of the special natural and ecological system running-in and adapt to for a long time,after the social adaptation and biological adaptation,xiangxi native cattle on the externality of gradually shows the characteristics of local.In the process of breeding and utilization of local cattle,the Miao people in western Hunan have formed local knowledge on the cognition and management of local cattle and diversified utilization.Miao farmers in western Hunan not only have their own standards of knowledge to identify a good cattle,but also have formed a breeding mode of "free range" as the main and "enclosure" as the auxiliary in the cattle breeding process,and formed local measures and methods of punishment and treatment for cattle theft and disease prevention.Also to pregnant cattle,cattle calves and breeding cattle in different states of the local cattle in the west of Hunan to form their own local management and protection.At the same time,the Miao people in western Hunan have formed a diversified way of using local cattle in agricultural farming,daily life,ceremony and market transaction.Through the local practice of cognition,management and diversified utilization of local cattle,the cultural implication of "good cattle" that "the whole body is treasure" of local cattle in western Hunan is explained.As a local species,"Xiangxi yellow cattle" is an industrial project with local ethnic characteristics,which is of great significance to the overall revitalization and development of rural society,no matter in the targeted poverty alleviation or rural revitalization industry development practice.The project operation of the cattle industry in western Hunan is carried out among the local government,animal husbandry companies and miao farmers,and the power game among the three is the core of the project operation from the perspective of "development".As the development subject,the degree of miao farmers’ participation in the project operation is the key to the future development of the cattle industry project in western Hunan,and the individual initiative and participation of miao farmers in western Hunan should be fully brought into play.Under the background of social succession under the impact of modernity system,the local yellow cattle in western Hunan,as a local traditional species,is different from the imported hybrid yellow cattle breed,and has its own contemporary value in the aspects of diversified breeding methods,local ecological maintenance and ethnic cultural diversity.Exploring the contemporary value of local knowledge of traditional products in ethnic areas can provide reference for the selection and practice of industrial projects in rural revitalization practice.Based on the local knowledge of breeding and utilization of local yellow cattle of miao ethnic group in western Hunan,the local yellow cattle in western Hunan have made ecological adaptation to the special geographical environment of La ’er Mountain platform,and formed the local shape characteristics of yellow cattle.In addition,the Miao people in western Hunan also acculturated to the local practice of cognition,management and diversified utilization of local cattle,and accumulated local knowledge of cattle breeding and utilization with unique local characteristics,so as to achieve a stable relationship of adaptation and balance between the Miao people in western Hunan and local cattle.At present,in the face of the impact of modernity,although there are conflicts and collisions,the Miao society still retains its own cultural logic and rationality in the process of social succession,presenting a situation and state of intermittent integration.