| Solar greenhouse tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)planting usually adopted north-south row orientation and narrow row spacing,resulting in group depression,poor ventilation and light transmission,and inconvenient for mechanical and manual operation.In our laboratory,it was found that the use of east-west row orientation and wide row spacing for solar greenhouse tomato planting is favorable to mechanical operation and yield improvement,but the mechanism is not clear.Therefore,this research took the pattern of planting double rows with1.4 m spacing in the north-south orientation of solar greenhouse(abbreviated as NS-1.4m,interrow spacing 100 cm,intra-row spacing 40 cm)as the control,and compared the effects of planting 1.8 m spacing in the north-south orientation(abbreviated as NS-1.8m,inter-row spacing 140 cm,intra-row spacing 40 cm)and 1.8 m spacing in the east-west orientation(abbreviated as EW-1.8m,inter-row spacing 140 cm,intra-row spacing 40 cm)on the growth and development,light energy utilization,yield and quality of tomato under the same planting density,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the construction of mechanized planting pattern for solar greenhouse tomato.The main research results were as follows:(1)Compared with NS-1.4m,under NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m planting patterns,tomato plant height,leaf area and dry weight increased sequentially,stem diameter decreased sequentially;leaf pigment content,net photosynthetic rate,antioxidant capacity,sugar substances and related enzyme activities increased,auxin and gibberellin contents increased,abscisic acid and ethylene contents decreased;fruit ripening time advanced,winter-spring crop yield increased by 3.92% and 6.18%,respectively,autumn-winter crop yield increased by4.17% and 9.78%,respectively,and fruit lycopene,vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio showed an increasing trend.(2)A functional-structural model of solar greenhouse tomato population was constructed to simulate and analyze the light energy utilization of plant and population under different planting modes.Compared with NS-1.4m,NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m planting modes improved the population light conditions and increased the light interception in the bottom part of the canopy;and population light interception,net photosynthesis rate and accumulation of photosynthate increased by 6.08% and 9.80%,5.39% and 11.71%,and 11.45% and 14.27% in winter-spring crop,respectively,by 6.80% and 19.76%,8.04% and 22.27% and 12.80% and25.74% in autumn-winter crop,respectively.(3)From the south to the north in the solar greenhouse,different planting patterns showed the trend of increasing plant height,decreasing stem diameter,delaying fruit ripening,and decreasing yield of individual plants.Under the same position,there were no significant differences in light interception,growth,and yield between double-row plants in the same seedbed of NS-1.4m and NS-1.8m,and certain differences in plant growth and yield between double-row plants in the same seedbed of EW-1.8m.Compared with north row plants,south row plants increased light interception,decreased plant height,advanced fruit ripening,and increased individual plant yield.(4)The row spacing configuration of the EW-1.8 m planting pattern could be optimized to 130 cm inter-row spacing and 50 cm intra-row spacing,compared with 140 cm inter-row spacing and 40 cm intra-row spacing,which increased canopy light interception of tomato population by 5.51%,increased individual plant yield by 4.95%,and reduced the difference in light interception between double-row plants of the same seedbed in the middle and northern locations of solar greenhouses. |
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