Full Utilization Of Coptis Chinensis And Biological Activities Of Processing Products

Coptis chinensis is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicines,with an annual production capacity of more than 40 million tons.Coptis chinensis contains a variety of active substances,including polysaccharides and alkaloids.The annual production of Chinese traditional medicine residues has reached 60～70 million tons,with Coptis chinensis residues accounting for a significant portion of that total.In general,accumulation,burial,or incineration treatment will not only pollute the environment,but will also waste plant medicinal resources.It is important to investigate how to effectively extract the active substances in Coptis chinensis,as well as how to recycle and safely dispose of the residues.The research content of this thesis can be divided into two parts: 1)Using Coptis chinensis as the raw material,crude polysaccharide was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and homogeneous polysaccharides were obtained after separation and purification.The physicochemical properties of Coptis chinensis crude polysaccharide and homogeneous polysaccharides were studied,as well as the antioxidant and anti-allergic activity.2)Using Coptis chinensis residues as the raw material and Coptis chinensis powders without water extraction as the control,pyrolysis as a clean,easily scablable production technology was applied to derive three types of products,i.e.,wood vinegar,biochar,and biogas.This reserach investigates the effects of pyrolysis mode(fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis)and pyrolysis process parameters(pyrolysis temperature,pyrolysis time,and catalyst)on the yield and chemical composition,as well as the antioxidant activity,reducing power,and antibacterial activity of the resulting wood vinegar.It also investigates the preparation of alkaloids from wood vinegars of Coptis chinensis and its residues.The results are as follows:(1)Coptis chinensis crude polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,with a yield of 3.06% and a sugar content of 48.55%.Following separation and purification,homogeneous polysaccharides(CP2-3-1)with an average molecular weight of138778 Da was successfully obtained.CP2-3-1 was mostly made of glucose,combined with trace amounts of galacuronic acid and glucuronic acid.CP2-3-1 had excellent scavenging ability on DPPH· and ·OH,with maximum scavenging rates of 93.2% and 93.8% at a dosage of 8 mg/m L,respectively.CP2-3-1 had a significant relieving effect on sensitized mice.The underlying mechanism of CP2-3-1’s performance in alleviating allergies is through the inhibition of allergic inflammatory factors in serum and the alteration of intestinal microbiota.(2)The optimal pyrolysis conditions of Coptis chinensis are as follows: Slow pyrolysis at 400 °C,with a pyrolysis time of 2 h.The resulting CC400 wood vinegar had a yield of42.1%.Slow pyrolysis was superior to fast pyrolysis and the presence of acid,alkaline,or metal-salt catalysts would not improve the yield of Coptis chinensis wood vinegars.The dominant chemicals in the CC400 wood vinegar included eugenol(6.09%),1,2-dimethylhydrazine(4.45%),methylcyclopentenol(3.89%),3-methoxycatechol(3.63%),and others.Its total phenolic content was 1.48 mg/g.At a concentration of 1.0 mg/m L,the CC400 wood vinegar had good scavenging ability on DPPH·(85%)and ·OH(92.8%).It also had significant antibacterial activity for Bacterium(80%),Staphylococcus aureus(70%),Proteusbacillus vulgaris(70%),Bacillus subtilis(64.7%),and Escherichia coli(40%).(3)The optimal pyrolysis conditions of Coptis chinensis residues are as follows: Slow pyrolysis at 400 °C,with a pyrolysis time of 2 h.The resulting CCR400 wood vinegar had a yield of 32.5%.The dominant chemicals in the CCR400 wood vinegar included 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(8.62%),syringol(5.24%),hexanal dimethyl acetal(4.38%),(3-methyloxiran-2-yl)methyl prop-2-enoate(3.56%),4-methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol(3.32%),methyl cyclopentenolone(3.12%),and others.Its total phenolic content was 1.77 mg/g.The CCR400 wood vinegar had good antifungal activity for Penicillium(60.0%),Trichoderma viride(53.9%),and Aspergillus niger(40.0%).(4)A lot of alkaloids are present in wood vinegars derived from Coptis chinensis or its residues.The CC400 wood vinegar had a high total alkanoid concentration of 16.61 mg/m L and a yield of 15.62%,representing a relative abundance of 12.88% in total organic matters.The single alkaloid components with a higher concentration were berberine hydrochloride(3.18%),hydroxycamptothecin(2.72%),purpurenia(1.80%)and berberine(1.05%).For CCR400,however,the total alkanoid concentration was 10.16 mg/m L with a yield of 9.55%,representing a relative abundance of 9.12% in total organic matters.The single alkaloid components with a higher concentration in CCR 400 were berberine(4.98%),berberine hydrochloride(3.65%),and rutine(1.69%).The addition of alkaline catalyst and the use of fast pyrolysis instead of slow pyrolysis are conducive to the enrichment of alkaloids in wood vinegars.