Study On He Zhuo’s Critiques On Tang Poetry

The dissertation makes a study of He Zhuo himself and his critiques on collections of Tang poetry.On the basis of extensive investigation,the author combs through the life experiences,scholastic features,origin sources and achievements of He Zhuo,forming an overall understanding of his academic background.Studying He Zhuo’s critiques on Tang poetry,the dissertation probes into the literature and poetic values,to form an objective knowledge of He Zhuo’s critical thoughts and criticism methods and summarize his academic achievements in the field of Tang poetics.In the part of Introduction,the author discusses the spread,description and existing situations of He Zhuo’s critiques,as well as the research status,research value and writing train of thought.He Zhuo’s scholastic attainments are conserved in many critiques.The knowledge of his scholastic attainments is mainly from Yi Men Reading and his critiques printed since Qing Dynasty.He Zhuo’s critiques existing at home and abroad go far beyond the research fields of current academic circle,in which the ones on Tang poetry constitute the majority.Such critiques are thorough and meticulous enough to clearly outline He Zhuo’s research sketch of the whole history of Tang poetry.Due to the fact that most of his critiques haven’t been straightened out and printed,the current study of He Zhuo’s critiques on Tang poetry hasn’t been fully developed,for they are unknown to the academic circle.Therefore,it is worth making a systematic,comprehensive and deep study of such critiques.In the inner part,which includes four chapters,the author mainly develops a study of the life experiences,scholastic features,origin sources and criticism on Tang poetry of He Zhuo.Chapter One inquires into the experiences and studying life of He Zhuo,who was once involved in the political disputes.According to historical data of Qing Dynasty,he was accused in his character and academic activities.In accordance with the Xing Zhuang(a brief biographical sketch of a deceased person),epitaphs,letters and postscripts by He Zhuo,the dissertation makes an objective and fair judgement of his personality,character and scholarship,proving that his main activities of all his life was to study and comment on what he read.Furthermore,the existing critiques also confirms that he was a natural scholar.Chapter Two probes into the scholastic features of He Zhuo.His broad and profound learning,his pragmatism and his advocation of Classics constitute the most prominent feature in his academic thoughts.Influenced by the trend of pragmatism and scholastic tradition of being learned in Classics and history,He Zhuo was devoted to collating ancient classics,editing popular essays,recruiting and teaching students,in order to realize his ideal of giving benefits to poor people by active thoughts.With regard to his scholarstic methods,He Zhuo inherited and developed the academic tradition of Pu Xue started by Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi since the late Ming Dynasty,which emphasizes textual criticism and empiricism.Such research methods are widely employed in his annotations on the four traditions of a Chinese library.A broad scholastic perspective together with delicate and lasting scholar attitudes brings up the academic value of He Zhuo’s critiques.His knowledge serves as a link between the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty and the periods of Qian Long and Jia Qing,when Pu Xue reached the peak.Chapter Three makes a comprehensive summary of He Zhuo’s origin sources.The atmosphere of scholarship and culture in the region of Wu provides very favorable surroundings for his study and socializing.As a result,he had formed a very wide academic perspective when he was young,which exerts a far-reaching influence on his personality,scholastic features and his views on poetics.In his early days,He Zhuo inherited and was influnced by Han Tan,who pursued ancient classics and inherited the views of poetics from Tang Dynasty.In his middle age,He Zhuo inherited Li Guangdie,who affected him in Learning of Great Classics-Expositors.Meanwhile,Qian Qianyi,Feng Ban,Qian Zeng and Mao Yi from the Yu Shan School also exerted a great influence on him in academic thoughts,scholarstic methods and poetics.In particular,their scholarstic methods of collating masterpieces gave He Zhuo a lifelong influence.Chapter Four discusses He Zhuo’s criticism in Tang poetry and points of view in poetics.He developed an extensive academic view in collating different materpieces,which offers an indispensable premise for his practice.His critisim in Tang poetry combines collation,criticism and annotation,thus increasing the academic value of literary comments and bringing up his criticism on Tang poetry.He Zhuo’s poetic criticism is dominated by placid poetic ethics,which advocates performing traditional poetic view by allegories.In this point,it conforms to mainstream in poetics since the early Qing Dynasty,reflecting the characteristics of the times in the field of literature during Kangxi Dynasty.The outer part of dissertation makes a thorough research on all existing He Zhuo’s critiques both at home and abroad.On the basis of extensive investigation,the author tries to discern the false from the genuine,compile remarks and make a contrast analysis.Penetrating into the criticisms,comments and postscripts,the author briefly narrates each of the critiques to make a judgment of its version information,detailed criticism,circulation and literature value,and correct the errors by the predecessors.Meanwhile,coupling literature with poetics criticism,we make a deep analysis of He Zhuo’s annotations and sum up his achievements in poetic criticism to sketch out his research on Tang poetry.This part can be divided into two chapters in terms of collective works and anthologies.Chapter One is about collective works.The whole works include collections of comprehensive and dynastic history,collected works,anthologies and On Tang Eight-lined Poetry selected and commented by He Zhuo,thirteen kinds in total.Chapter Two concerns anthologies.In a chronological order,the anthologies are divided into three parts:those in the flourishing,middle and later Tang Dynasty,twenty-three kinds totally.According to the real remarks by He Zhuo,we make a monographic study of selected poetry of Du Fu,Han Yu,Bai Jvyi and Li Shanyin.,while the rest are respectively brought into He Zhuo’s critiques on Double Poetry of Flourishing Tang,Complete Poetry of Middle Tang and Complete Poetry ofL ater Tang.There are two appendixes.In Appendix One with a title of He Zhuo’s Explanation of the Theme of Jin Se from the Notion of Mourning to the Notion of Self-wounding,the author verifies the notion of self-wounding is also from He Zhuo,on the research of his critiques on Collected Poetry of Li Yishan.In addition,we probe into the evaluation system of the notion of self-wounding and its poetic significance.Appendix Two is A Table of Hand-copied Versions,by which the readers can learn about the version,library and relevant information of the existing He Zhuo’s critiques more directly,thus forming an integrative knowledge of He Zhuo’s critiques on Tang poetry.