The Heterogeneity Of Return On Language Human Capital Based On Micro Data From China

With the accelerating process of globalization,the language requirements of individuals in economic activities are becoming higher.Under this era,in order to be more competitive in labour market and interpersonal communication,it becomes more important for individuals to master and use language.At the same time,language as an important form of human capital,it plays an immeasurable role in the development of individuals and their economic benefits,even it is one of the important factors that can determine the standard of employment and income in the labor market.A large number of language economists have verified the human capital attribute of language from the perspective of theory and empirical analysis,and they believe that there is a close relationship between language and individual’s return.In the labor market,there is a general inequality of income distribution among different language groups.In other word,the different languages of the labor force obtain or use,can explain part of the reasons for the income difference.The existing research has carried out more detailed study on the income difference,which caused by the use of different kinds of languages.The existing literature has proved that,language human capital can promote the individual’s return,but there is still something unfinished.Based on the existing research,this paper is trying to make some marginal contributions: firstly,this paper will analyze the impact of dialect on individual return.The existing research results generally reflect,the basic facts of human capital return rate in English and Mandarin,but pay less attention to dialect.Due to the vast territory of our country and the mobility of labor force,in addition to Mandarin and English,dialects are also widely used in Chinese enterprises.Therefore,in addition to Mandarin and English human capital,this paper will also try to pay attention to dialect as a language human capital,to analysis how dialect impact on individual returns in detail;Secondly,from the perspective of micro enterprises and labor force in developing countries,this paper will fully investigate the heterogeneity of the rate of return of language human capital in China.The results of domestic empirical research on the return of language competence income mostly reflect the basic facts,but they lack of a detailed analysis of the heterogeneity of enterprises.Thirdly,in order to more accurately and deeply reflect the channel of the impact of language human capital on individual return,this paper will finally analyze the impact mechanism.Therfore,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the impact of heterogeneity on the return of linguistic human capital.First of all,from the perspective of micro enterprises and labor force in developing countries,this paper uses the large sample of micro enterprise data from ‘China Enterprise General Survey’(CEGS),in order to verify the general laws between human capital and individual return in using different languages in China.Secondly,in order to reflect the current situation of human capital return in different languages more accurately and deeply,this paper intends to analyze the individual’s return of language when languages are using in different scenarios.This paper analyzes the heterogeneity of individual’s return on language human capital in different industries,different types of enterprise ownership,different levels of education and different jobs.Finally,it analyzes the mechanism of return on language human capital by theory anlayse and testing the mediating effect.In this paper,we test the empirical relationship between the impact of different languages on individual return rate,by using OLS model with industry,region and time fixed effect.The results show that,when individuals use English comprehensive ability,use more Mandarin and less dialect,their rate of return will be effectively improved.The results of the subsequent robustness test also verify the result,and the proof of this general rule provides the fundmental for the subsequent heterogeneity analysis;Then,the heterogeneity analysis proves that the individual’s return on language human capital is quite different,when they are in different ownership enterprises,different industries,different jobs and different education levels;The next,based on the analysis of the mechanism of return on language human,this paper finds that language influences the individual’s rate of return mainly through three channels,they are individual career development,task allocation and learning&cooperation.According to the research’s findings,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to make full use of the advantages of language human capital and how to promote the development of individuals from the perspectives of labour and enterprises.Finally,this paper reflects on and prospects the shortcomings of the research.According to the above problems,this paper includes eight chapters.The chapter one is research background and significance.This chapter discusses the background of this paper,and initially determines the theoretical,practical significance and research framework of this paper.In addition,it also analyzes the difficulties and possible marginal contribution of this topic;The chapter two is literature review and research methods.This chapter defines the relevant concepts of this study,and combs the economic attribute of language,the meaning of language human capital and the relevant research of language economics;The chapter three is analysis of the current situation of the heterogeneity of return of language human capital in China.This chapter introduces the "China enterprise comprehensive survey"(CEGs)and data acquisition process in detail.Secondly,it analyzes the whole sample and heterogeneity of human capital return in Chinese language;The chapter four is empirical analysis of the impact of corporate heterogeneity on human capital return in Chinese English,mainly including model setting and index selection,basic regression results and heterogeneity analysis;The chapter five is empirical analysis of the impact of corporate heterogeneity on human capital return in Mandarin,mainly including model The chapter six is empirical analysis of the impact of heterogeneity on the return of human capital in Chinese dialects,mainly including model setting and index selection,basic regression results and heterogeneity analysis;The chapter seven is the mechanism analysis of the return of human capital in languages,mainly including the individual career development,individual work thought distribution and heterogeneity analysis The chapter eight is research conclusion and policy enlightenment,mainly including research conclusion,policy recommendations and research prospects.