| Resilience is the key to ensuring the sustainable development of the system.Mountainous ethnic tourism destination is a special social-ecological system.It is necessary to explore the obstacles of its sustainable development of ethnic tourist destinations in mountainous areas from the perspective of resilience.This research is guided by the theory of man-land relationship and follows the logical main line:"analysis framework construction——evolution process and disturbance identification——resilience measurement&influence mechanism revelation——demonstration of adaptation strategies".This article analyzes the level of resilience of Enshi at different scales in counties,communities,and farmers.Based on the comparison of evaluation results,a targeted adaptive management strategy is proposed.The article mainly includes three parts.The first part(chapters 1&2):First introduce the background and significance of this research;the research plan including case site selection,research content and methods,etc.;acquisition and processing of statistics and research data.Secondly,it sorts out the relevant research results at home and abroad,and summarizes the points that can be further improved.The second part(Chapters 3 to 8):The main part of the full dissertation.Chapter 3:Based on relevant theoretical foundations,clarify the conceptual connotation of the social-ecological system of tourist destinations.It is proposed that tourism activities are the main driving force of the system,and tourism destinations are the spatial scope of the system.Emphasizes the characteristics of driving force,vulnerability,openness,and complexity that are different from the general social-ecological system.It also emphasizes the importance of time and space scale for research.From the four aspects of background,threshold,ecological resilience,spatial hierarchy and scale definition,this section provides an in-depth interpretation of the concept of resilience,emphasizing that this article focuses more on the ability of the system to return to its original state.It also emphasizes that its resilience objects are different under different spatial scales.Counties and communities are regional/local social-ecological systems,and farmers use it to explore the resilience of specific groups of people in the social-ecological system of specific regions.Chapter 4:Taking 1949,1987,and 2000 as the time division points,the evolution process and characteristics of the regional social-ecological system in Enshi Prefecture are sorted out.It is found that the social-ecological system of the state has experienced the development process from the traditional agricultural economy to the tea/tobacco characteristic economy and the tourism economy.After the 21st century,tourism activities have become a key disturbing factor in the state.Chapter 5:From the two dimensions of vulnerability and adaption ability,construct a county-scale evaluation index system of social-ecological system resilience of Enshi Prefecture tourism destinations,including three subsystems of society,economy,and ecology.Measure the resilience of the socialecological system of tourism destinations in different periods and Discuss the mechanism.The research found that:①The average value shows that under the three time nodes,the resilience of the state is at a medium level,and the overall resilience level has a small change;②The overall vulnerability level is at a medium level.Laifeng,Xuan’en,Hefeng in the southern part of Enshi and Jianshi in the northern part of Enshi have relatively high vulnerability indexes.Enshi ciyt and Lichuan city in the north of Enshi are relatively low-value areas of vulnerability.③From 2000 to 2018,the average level of adaptive capacity of each county has been continuously improved,and the overall adaptive capacity of the four northern counties is higher than the four southern counties.④Regional traffic accessibility,tourism economic development level,social and resident storage capacity,and ecological conditions are the keys to reducing vulnerability,enhancing coping capabilities,and enhancing resilience.Chapter 6:Select eight representative tourism communities in the state,from the five dimensions of society,economy,ecology,system and perception,construct a community resilience evaluation framework,quantitatively characterize,and compare and analyze the resilience level of tourism communities.Refine the key influencing factors and reveal their comprehensive mechanism of action.The research found that:①The overall resilience of the case community is at a medium level.Different tourism communities have different performances in the five dimensions;②The resilience level of tourism communities increases with the development of tourism stage and the improvement of development maturity.③The resilience index of tourism communities with the dominant model of farmstays and dominant landscape resources is higher,while the resilience of communities with traditional ethnic culture-led models and ecological leisure agriculture-led models is lower.④The choice of tourism development model and the difference in tourism development level directly affect the performance and changes of community resilience.Location,economic development level and tourism environmental impact play a key role in improving community resilience.Chapter 7:From the three aspects of buffer capacity,self-organization ability and learning ability,based on the household questionnaire survey data,the level of farmers’ livelihood resilience is measured,and the obstacle factors that affect farmers’ livelihood resilience are refined and summarized.The research found:①Nearly half of the farmers’ livelihood resilience is at a medium level.②From the perspective of internal composition,the buffer capacity index is significantly different,and human capital has the highest contribution to the abundance of livelihood capital;The self-organization ability index of farmers presents a distribution pattern of"low at both ends and high in the middle".40%of farmers’ learning ability is higher than the average.③From the perspective of the types of rural households,the resilience index from high to low is in the order of diversification livelihood,tourism livelihood,comprehensive livelihood,and work/agricultural livelihood.④Tourism communities with higher levels of community resilience have higher resilience of farmers’ livelihoods.⑤At present,the resilience of farmers’ livelihoods is still stock-oriented,and the effects of self-organization ability and learning ability have not been effectively mobilized.The choice of livelihood strategy is directly related to the level of livelihood resilience.The policy environment has strongly promoted the improvement of farmers’ livelihood resilience.Chapter 8:Comparing the resilience measurement results of different scales by answering questions such as "Are there any unity and continuity of resilience assessment results under different scales" and"Is there any correlation between resilience performance among the three scales".Based on the results of the comparison,the social-ecosystem adaptive management countermeasures of ethnic tourist destinations in mountainous areas at multi-scales are proposed.The research found that:The evaluation results of social-ecosystem resilience of tourism destinations in Enshi Prefecture have certain consistency and differences on the scale.Consistency mainly has the following performance:①The resilience situation of the social-ecological system of tourism destinations in Enshi Prefecture has continuity and consistency on multiple spatial scales.②Topographic factors have an impact on the level of social-ecological system resilience of tourist destinations in Enshi Prefecture at different scales.③Socio-economic factors are an important breakthrough for the improvement of the resilience of tourist destinations of different scales.Difference mainly has the following performance:①With the decrease of the spatial scale,the value of the resilience index shows a trend of shifting from scattered to concentrated.② Between the community-farmer scale,the resilience index level corresponding relationship is relatively obvious,and the corresponding relationship between other scales is not significant.③ As the spatial scale becomes smaller,the risk barrier factors of resilience continue to be targeted,and the complexity and uncertainty of resilience are described more deeply.The third part(Chapter 9):Summarize the conclusions,innovations,shortcomings and prospects of the article. |
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