| Since the 1980s,China’s rural tourism has experienced considerable development,from small tourism to big tourism era.The scale of rural tourism market has expanded rapidly,especially in the urban fringe area.Under the normalization of the epidemic situation,the urban fringe has gradually become the main outdoor recreation position of urban residents.With the implementation of new urbanization and Rural Revitalization Strategy,etc,the status of rural tourism industry is gradually improving,which plays an important role in solving the rural,agricultural and villages issues and promoting the sustainable development of rural communities.It has become a new factor and new driving force for Rural Revitalization and development in the new era.Driven by social and economic changes and national strategies,the flow of human resources,capital,information and technology between urban and rural areas has accelerated,and rural tourism market demand,business types,development models,structural functions,and spatial patterns have undergone major changes.The evolution of rural tourism destination system has shown stronger complexity and adaptability.The thirdgeneration system theory-complex adaptive system theory(CAS)holds that the emergence of macro system complexity comes from the adaptive behavior change of micro subjects,which provides a new perspective for the study of the evolution process and mechanism of rural tourism destination system.The paper integrates the research methods of geography,management and economics,constructs the theoretical framework of "environmental state-agents behavior-system evolution" circular interaction of the complex adaptive system of rural tourism destinations in the fringe of big cities based on CAS theory.Wuhan City is selected as a case.The empirical analysis was carried out to discuss the evolution stages,characteristics and mechanisms of the rural tourism destination system in Wuhan.In addition,this paper analyzes the regional development practice of rural tourism promoting rural revitalization in Wuhan,and quantitatively evaluates the effect of rural tourism on rural revitalization.On this basis,the adaptive management countermeasures for the further optimization of Wuhan rural tourism destination system are put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the theory of complex adaptive systems,the paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of the element characteristics,evolution process and evolution mechanism of the rural tourist destination system in the urban fringe areaUnder the guidance of the theory of complex adaptive system,the elements of rural tourism destination system in the urban fringe area include multiple agents system,tourism attraction system,tourism infrastructure and service facilities system,external environment system and rural tourism community system.Corresponding to the seven basic attributes of the complex adaptive system(CAS),the rural tourism destination system conforms to the basic idea of the CAS theory.The evolution of the rural tourism destination system in the fringe areas of the big cities has gone through the system budding period,the system forming period,the system rapid development period and the system consolidation and transformation period.The elements of the rural tourism system show different characteristics in different periods.Along with the evolution of the rural tourism system,the scale,pattern and shape of the spatial distribution of rural tourism are also changing continuously.With the evolution of rural tourism system,the scale,pattern and form of rural tourism spatial distribution are also changing.The spatial pattern evolves along the path of random distribution,polar core formation,point axis diffusion and multi-core networking.The multi agents adaptive behavior and echo feedback model of"environmental state-agents adaptation-system evolution" is the core mechanism to promote the system evolution of rural tourism destination.The disturbance of the external environment urges the agents to adjust the adaptive behavior and spatial agglomeration mode to achieve dynamic coupling and coordination with other agents.In the process of interaction,agents strengthen and restrain their adaptive behavior through positive and negative feedback,and promote the interconnection of the five major system elements of the body.The exchange of material,energy and information flow leads to the nonlinear change of the internal structural elements of the tourism regional system,and promotes the orderly leap of the development level of the rural tourism destination system and the dynamic change of the spatial agglomeration pattern.(2)With the gradual evolution of rural tourism destination system in Wuhan,the level of system development has risen orderly,the functional structure is rich and diverse,and the spatial pattern changes dynamicallyWuhan rural tourism destination system has gone through four stages:germination period(before 2000),formation period(2001-2007),rapid development period(2008-2015)and consolidation and transformation period(since 2016).With the interaction of external environment,multiple subjects and system evolution,system elements show different characteristics in different periods.In terms of the characteristics of development level,the overall level of development has been continuously improved,accompanied by short-term fluctuations,tending to "consolidate" the life cycle of tourism destination.In terms of functional structure characteristics,tourism products are developing in the direction of diversification.Comprehensive functions such as sightseeing,leisure,entertainment,vacation,research,and health care are sound.The degree of organization and standardization of farmhouse service facilities is improved,and the functions of culture,leisure and appreciation are gradually improved.In terms of spatial pattern characteristics,the distribution of rural tourist destinations in different periods is concentrated,and the degree of concentration is enhanced.The dense distribution is mainly in the range of 30-40km,and the density rapidly decays with the increase of distance,and a sub-dense distribution zone is formed in the range of 70-80km.With the change of time,the dense distribution zone first pushes inward and then expands outward.The spatial scale of rural tourism agglomeration expands,the agglomeration intensity decreases and tends to be stable.It is in a multi-center gathering trend,showing multi-core and hierarchical point axis diffusion pattern evolution over time,and the comprehensive tourism trend appears,forming gathering areas such as Huangpi District Mulan eco-cultural tourism plate,Northwest Xinzhou District tourism plate,Dongxihu District urban agricultural ecological park plate,Caidian Songyang avenue tourism plate,and Wulijie-Liangzi lake tourism plate in Jiangxia District.(3)Other organizations of external environment and self-adaptation of multiple agents jointly promoted the evolution of Wuhan rural tourism destination systemDifferent from the city,rural natural and cultural environment shown by the resource endowment of rural ecological environment,rural customs and folk customs in Wuhan lays the foundation of ruraltourism resources.Social and economic conditions such as transportation network and urban economic level affect the scale of demand agents and the supply of enterprise subjects;The environmental support of national tourism industry policy has strengthened the status of rural tourism industry;the industrial role and status of rural tourism has changed from local development to strategic planning.In the aspect of multi-agents’ self-adaptation,the self-adaptation behaviors of Wuhan municipal government agents include formulating a series of policies and regional tourism development plans,promoting the protection and utilization of rural resources,releasing tourism marketing and promotion activities,and improving rural infrastructure and living environment.The self-adaptive behaviors of enterprises include the number increasing of tourist attractions and accommodation facilities,the product innovation and transformation of tourist attractions,the collectivization and scale of tourism enterprise development,and the brand development of tourist attractions.The self-adaptive behaviors of villagers include villagers’ tourism perception and attitude,villagers’ livelihood adaptation mode and change,and bringing external capital by returning home talents.The self-adaptive behaviors of tourists include the growth of tourists’ demand to expand the scale of rural tourism industry,the transformation of tourism format driven by consumption upgrading,and the transformation of travel modes to promote the upgrading of tourism facilities.(4)On the long-term scale,the promoting effect of rural tourism on rural revitalization is lower than that of rural revitalizationThe evaluation index system of comprehensive development level of rural revitalization and rural tourism is constructed,and the long-term dynamic relationship between rural tourism and rural revitalization is analyzed by Granger causality test and VAR model.The results show that they are Granger causality,promote each other and maintain balance in a long period of time.The results show that they are Granger causality,promote each other and keep balance in a long time.Rural tourism plays a long-term and sustainable role in promoting rural revitalization,and the degree and level of promotion need to be further improved.For every unit increase in rural tourism development level,rural revitalization changes by 0.1871%in the same direction.Impulse response shows that the response level of rural revitalization in response to the impact of rural tourism shows a slow growth trend,reaching the peak in in the fourth period and maintaining stability.Variance decomposition shows that the contribution of rural tourism shock to the fluctuation of rural revitalization rises slowly,and the contribution of this fluctuation is about 10%for a long time. |
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