How To Get Neutral Viewpoints:A Study On The Changes Of "ηi²¹" Culture Of The Luoluopo Branch Of Yi Ethnic Group In ZhiJu Village

Based on the classical ethnographic works The Age of Wild Ghosts-Memory,Violence,and Place in Southwest China written by Erik Mueggler and equally having chosen Zhi Ju Village,Zhonghe Town,Yongren County,Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province as main study site of the fieldwork,this study fulfills a restudy of"ηi²¹"belief culture of Luo Luopo people,who are one branch of Yi ethnic group.Mueggler’s work is characterized by poetic language,literary writing techniques and tries to show readers his understanding of the community’s belief culture,and thus discusses the relationship between Chinese national policy,the central government and the local community."ηi²¹"is the core concept of the book,and the correct understanding of the"ηi²¹"becomes the key to the interpretation of local culture.Through a comprehensive investigation of the"ηi²¹"belief culture"of the Yi ethnic group of Zhi Ju Village,this study finds that"ηi²¹"belief culture is a traditional folk belief based on ancestor worship and contains polytheistic belief."ηi²¹"belief culture is an important part of Chinese traditional folk belief culture."ηi²¹"belief culture has the characteristics of complexity in source,richness in content,resilience and flexibility in development.By examined the ritual experts and sacrificial ceremonies,it also carries other natures such as dispersion and public as all other Chinese traditional folk beliefs do.Most previous researchers’viewpoints that take"ηi²¹"belief culture as"primitive religion"is inaccurate,because a holistic view of the study of Yi people’s belief culture is absent and therefore scholars do not pay attention to"ηi²¹"belief culture actually reflects the real life of people.The study of "ηi²¹" belief culture is actually a study of the real life of Yi people."ηi²¹"plays an important role in the construction of their perspectives of life,values and the world.Their daily production and life practice are deeply influenced by"ηi²¹",which to a large extent shows that"ηi²¹"is the embodiment of rules and resources,and people constantly use the role of"ηi²¹"culture in the production and life of their own and finally make their behavior and practice meet the requirements of ideas.As an actor with subjective initiative,Luoluopo people hold the belief of"ηi²¹"as a"resource"for the healthy development of individuals,families and communities."ηi²¹"belief has a great impact on village life,family life and individual life.By using the"ηi²¹"belief as a resource,the system and rules which are conducive to the healthy development of the community formed by the co-operation contract spread the universal values and integrate the individual,family and community into a common meaning system.In Yi language,"ηi²¹" is an umbrella name of"ghost","God","essence"and"monster".However,in Mueggler’s book of the understanding of"ηi²¹"is mainly as a"ghost",and"ηi²¹"contains other connotation,There is a great difference between his views（Etic）and those of the local people（Emic）perspective of"ηi²¹",which makes him not fully respect the local views,also led to the multiple subject voice opportunity is deprived,thus he did not put the research object in an equal position.The language barrier trigger Mueggler’s misunderstanding of"ηi²¹".The thesis tries to point out all mistakes of The Age of Wild Ghosts and fulfills a restudy of Zhiju village from perspectives of emic and etic.Based on the lack of understanding of"ηi²¹"belief culture,"he discussed the negative situation of the implementation of Chinese national policy at the local community when the state forces entered the community,neglected the positive role of the policy selectively and then discussed the relationship between the central government and local community.His ideological writing strategy is very worthy of our criticism,in the historical stage of choice,case presentation,material selection and other major problems,after his conscious processing,he made a hint of China’s national image.He gave a bad assessment of the Chinese government’s ability to govern.Mueggler’s misreading of "ηi²¹" culture which is on the basis of ideological writing is very worthy of reflection.Meanwhile,government officials and ethnic group elites who know the local"ηi²¹"culture"are also worthy of criticism for their conscious misinterpretation of the local"ηi²¹"culture in order to achieve the purpose of economic development."ηi²¹"belief culture has played an important role in the overall revival of local traditional culture.Through the investigation of the"Saizhuang Festival",a folk festival related to"ηi²¹"belief",it is found that the organizers of the festival consciously tamper with the local"ηi²¹"culture,destroy the"ηi²¹"culture system,ignore the local taboo culture,make the cultural holder lose the dominant power and the right to speak of the festival,and finally make the"Saizhuang Festival"lack the internal motivation of inheritance.In the era of globalization,after the implementation of the national intangible cultural heritage protection policy to the community,the actors who make use of traditional culture will inevitably go through development stages of"disembedding"and"embedding".Promoting economic development and finally realizing cultural rejuvenation are the practical results of capitalization of ethnic culture.The solidified impression of the Chinese government and the community presented in the Mueggler’s book is no longer applicable to today’s situation.The central and local exploration of the development path of the capitalization of ethnic culture makes Zhi Ju Village no longer the marginal zone described in the Mueggler’s book.In this era of globalization full of opportunities and challenges,Yi people pursuit development through dynamic practices such as utilizing traditional embroidery culture,endeavoring to enter the world’s aesthetic discourse system,and shaping cultural self-symbol to achieve harmony among different.Whether it is cultural misreading based on political ideology or cultural development based on economic development demands,if we can not grasp the balanced relationship between"enterprising"and"inerratic"in the way of"mean",Then there will be bipolar or even multipolar bias,so the cultural interpretation and understanding is not comprehensive.If we do not look at culture,understand culture and inherit culture from the perspective of holistic view and historical view,then the cultural inheritance and development based on this is doomed to be a flash in the pan.