| Language development is a process of continuous gradual change.There is no clear-cut dividing line between different stages of language.However,from a diachronic perspective,different stages of language development have different characteristics in phonology,vocabulary and grammar.In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,Chinese society has experienced unprecedented turmoil and change.Under this special historical background,the language of this period showed distinct transitional characteristics: the conversion of text and vernacular,the coexistence of new and the old quality.A large number of vernacular newspapers and periodicals issued in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China were one of the main ways of vernacular practice at that time,which truly recorded the appearance of the language,it was an important material for the study of Chinese in this period.Based on 50 kinds of vernacular newspapers and periodicals such as Hangzhou vernacular news,Chinese vernacular newspaper,Beijing vernacular daily,this thesis attempts to investigate the disyllabic process from many angles,describes the disyllabic special performance at the level of word formation,combination and syntactic function,summarizes disyllabic characteristics and evolution motivation.There are six chapters in this thesis except introduction and conclusion.The "introduction" part mainly explains the significance and value of the topic,research status,research methods,research ideas and corpus sources.The first chapter is the overview of the disyllabification of vernacular vocabulary in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Firstly,We define the concept of disyllabification.Secondly,we analyze the number and frequency of monosyllabic and disyllabic words in different parts of speech in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China based on the quantitative and qualitative statistics of 10000 word vernacular newspaper corpus.The analysis shows that the number and frequency of disyllabic words have reached a considerable number in this period,in addition,the disyllabic process of all kinds of words is different,among them,nouns have the highest disyllabic degree and the fastest disyllabic progress,while verbs have the lowest disyllabic degree and the slowest disyllabic progress.All these obviously show that the overall trend of disyllabification in this period has great commonality with modern Chinese.Finally,we investigate the disyllabic expression of vernacular vocabulary in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China from four perspectives,which are the common existence of single-syllable and double-syllable synonyms,flexible order of word composition,diverse word composition elements and the surge in the number of double-syllable new words.The second chapter is the disyllabic expression of new words in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Based on the analysis of the general appearance and characteristics of the new words in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,this chapter investigates the disyllabic expression of the new words in this period.From the perspective of word making,the double-syllable new words in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China mainly adopted three ways,which are compact word making,derivation word making and combination word making,which was the most common word formation among them.From the perspective of word formation,the structure types of new words can be divided into root-compound words and additional compound words,of which the former one is far more than the latter one.Modifier-head compound words and paratactic compound words are more common in compound disyllabic words.From the perspective of semantic structure,the distribution of semantic structure of double-syllable new words is consistent with the word formation types,the structure of the modifier-head compound word is the most complex,which can be divided into 14 sub-categories.Above three manifestations are obviously meet the requirement of disyllabic tendency of Chinese words.The third chapter is the disyllabification of word formation in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.This chapter analyzes the disyllabic manifestations of "double-single","single-double" and additional three-tone words in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,and finds that it is very common for disyllabic morphemes to participate in word formation in this period.We can use monosyllabic morphemes or disyllabic morphemes with the same meaning in word formation,therefore,the phenomenon of coexistence and use of trisyllabic words and synonymous disyllabic words is particularly prominent.The widespread word formation of disyllabic morphemes in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was directly related to the language’s pursuit of clear meaning,while some non disyllabic forms have been eliminated,due to it not meet the prosodic requirements of Chinese disyllabic foot.During this period,a lot of new compound words were produced under the influence of morpheme diphonic,most of which have not been handed down to modern times,this is its characteristic.The fourth chapter is the performance of disyllabic combination in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.This chapter analyzes the disyllabic expressions of verb-object phrases,verb-complement phrases and modifier-head phrases in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Words can be divided into single and double syllables,and the combination of words and words into phrases inevitably involves the combination and collocation of single and double syllables.There are four combinations of single and double syllables: "1+1","2+2","1+2" and "2+1".The analysis shows that the combination of single and double syllables in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is free,and the four combinations of "1+1","2+2","1+2" and "2+1" coexist and can be used together,which are reflected in the verb-object,verb-complement and modifier-head construction.However,modern Chinese has higher requirements for two-tone prosody,among which the combination of "1+1" and "2+2" is the most free,while "1+2" and "2+1" often have certain restrictions,and their degree of freedom is much lower than the first two.By comparison,we can see that the disyllabification of the combination in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China still has distinctive characteristics of the times.The fifth chapter is the expression of disyllabic syntactic function in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.This chapter analyzes the disyllabic effect of the syntactic functions of the noun,verb and adjective components.With the development of disyllabic words,more and more monosyllabic and disyllabic corresponding words which using monosyllabic and disyllabic expressions to express the same concept appeared in Chinese.In modern Chinese,there are significant differences in the syntactic functions of monosyllabic and disyllabic words,disyllabic words are the most free syntactic words,which is one of the important manifestations of disyllabic trend.However,in the vernacular newspapers and periodicals of the late Qing and early Republic of China,monosyllabic words were also relatively free in terms of syntactic functions,the syntactic function division of monosyllabic and disyllabic corresponding words was not clear,and the language had looser prosody requirements for the single and double syllables of syntactic components.The sixth chapter is the disyllabic characteristics and evolution motivation in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.There are three main characteristics of disyllabic vocabulary in this period,the first is transitional.disyllabification is more or less different from ancient and modern Chinese at all levels of words and phrases.The second is dynamic,in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,various growth-promoting factors were complicated,the disyllabic solidification type in this period was weaker and more dynamic.The third is fertility,some word-formation components have the tendency of affixing,and the neologism family increases greatly,which adds many new word-formation patterns for Chinese.The development and evolution of disyllabification has both internal and external reasons,the internal motivation include: economic principle,clear principle and rhythm principle,while the external motivation include: aesthetic psychology of liking symmetry,social communication of spreading Western learning to the East,direct influence of language contact,etc.Among them,language contact cause by the spread of Western learning to the East played the most important role.The "conclusion" part summarizes the whole paper,points out the innovation and deficiency of the article,and the direction of future efforts. |
