A Study Of Chinese "ba" Sentences In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

The Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China are the important stages of the transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese.The vernacular newspapers and periodicals emerged in this period are close to the people's lives,and have a very vernacular color,which has important research value.As a distinctive type of sentence structure in Chinese grammar system,the ba(?)sentence has been explored by many scholars from different perspectives and levels.Since the Tang and Song dynasties,the ba(?)scentence has gone through the development of more than hundred years,and has shown more abundant characteristics in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Taking the vernacular newspapers of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,this paper makes a detailed description and analysis of the actual appearance and evolution trajectory of the ba(?)sentences in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China from the two angles of Diachronic and synchronic.The full text is roughly divided into six parts.The introduction part mainly introduces the significance of the topic selection,research status,research methods and sources of corpus.The first chapter "the overview of the ba(?)sentences in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China sentence " .firstly,we establishe the defining principle of the ba(?)sentence.That is,the ba(?)sentence is an active sentence which in advance the object by the prepositional ba(?)word,indicating apply some kind of "disposition".And the disposition is a broad "disposal".It includes"generalized disposal" ,"narrow sense disposition" and"causative disposition" three classes.secondly,we explans the non-disposal usage of the ba(?)word in vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.It mainly includes the usage of some substantive verbs,linkage verbs and instrumental verbs.In the third section,we made statistics on the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China from the structure and semantics two types.The second chapter is "The study of the grammar of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China" .Firstly,we mainly discusses the type and the nature of the object of ba(?)word.From the composition view,the object of ba(?)can be some specific words,such as nouns and pronouns,and can also be certain kinds of phrases,such as main predicate phrases,movable phrases,biased phrases,joint phrases,quantity phrases,homologous phrases and auxiliary phrases.Secondly,according to the number of predicates in the ba(?)sentence,divided the ba(?)word into implicit predicate class,simple predicate class and complex predicate class.Among them,the implicit predicate "Ba" sentence lacks predicate in its structural form,but it hides in its meaning.Simple predicate categories mainly include "bare verb category","verb overlap category","verb + dynamic auxiliary category","insert object category","insert adverbial category" and "insert complement category".And the complex predicate class includes three types,the conjunctive type,the part-language type,the conjunctive part-language form and the main predicate phrase type.From this,it can be seen that in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,the object and predicate part of the composition of the ba(?)sentence have a full range,especially the implicit verb predicate and simple verb predicate kinds ba(?)sentences has been rare in modern Chinese.The third chapter "The semantic study of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Firstly mainly analyzes the semantic types of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,mainly includes"generalized disposal" ,"narrow sense disposition" and" causative disposition " three classes.Among them,the disposal formula type includes the generalized disposition,the narrow disposition and the causative disposition type.the narrow disposition type includes the patient category ba(?)sentences and the location category ba(?)sentences.And the causative disposition type includes the intentional cause and the unintentional cause two kinds.Secondly,it analyses the semantic nature of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.From the nature of the object of ba,the object of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is fixed in most cases,but at the same time the undetermined elements can also enter the ba(?)sentence.The predicate of the ba(?)sentence is to express the meaning of "disposal",but this "disposal"can not be simply understood as a kind of disposal of things by the subject,but refers to the predicate exerting some influence on the object of the ba(?)word,which makes the component change,produce certain results,or be in a certain state.Thirdly,we mainly analyzes the semantic orientation of the adverbial and the semantic orientation of the complement of the ba(?)sentences,Among them,the adverbial of the ba(?)sentence can point to the object of ba(?)word,the subject of the ba(?)sentences,the predicate of ba(?)sentences,and the whole predicate structure after ba(?)word;The complement of ba(?)sentence can point to the object of ba(?)word and the subject of ba(?)sentences.The fourth chapter "The study of the pragmatics of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Firstly mainly compares the ba(?)sentence with the general dynamic structure,and expounds the focus of the ba(?)sentence on the predicate verb and its associated components in the syntactic and semantic two angles.The second section starts from the textual expression function of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,which mainly has five functions,such as call to accountability,description,subjective evaluation,narration and instruction.In the conclusion part,we used the diachronic comparison method,by comparing and analyzing the differences between the ba(?)sentence in Ming and Qing dynasties,in modern Chinese and the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,the characteristics of the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China were further clarified.Grammatically speaking,firstly,Zero predicate usage and the use of simple verb predicate are the inheritance of the ba(?)sentences in Tang and Song dynasties,and developed into modern Chinese,which is no longer used.Secondly,long object and non-qualitative object can act as the object of ba(?)sentence,which is the residue of the use of the ba(?)sentence in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and it is no longer used in modern Chinese.Finally,the position of the adverbial in the sentence in the late Qing Dynasty was not fixed,but could be placed before the ba(?)words or before the verb after the structure of ba(?)word.This usage is also an inheritance of the use of the ba(?)sentence in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Semantically speaking,there were still a number of unintentionally causing class ba(?)sentences and the location category ba(?)sentences in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.The unintentional cause kind ba(?)sentence can not enter the category of ba(?)sentences,the location category ba(?)sentences show a trend of extinction on the basis of the continuation of the ba(?)sentences in the Tang and Song dynasties,which directly use "in" instead.In a word,due to the transition period in the alternation of history,the ba(?)sentence in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was inherited from the ba(?)sentence in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and laid a foundation for the formation of the ba(?)sentence in modern Chinese.Individual usage gradually tends to die on the basis of inheriting the ba(?)sentence in Ming and Qing dynasties.