A Study On Vocabularies In Ningxia And Shaanxi Dialect Documents Of Local Chronicles From The Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of China

Dialect materials are the cornerstone of dialect research,and the dialect documents of local chronicles well preserve the dialect materials of the earlier periods which are the historical“living language" for the study of ancient dialects.Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China record abundant dialect vocabularies.These dialect vocabularies are the first-hand materials of Ningxia and Shaanxi ancient dialects,which directly reflect the formation and development of Ningxia and Shaanxi dialects and provide historical foundation for the study of Ningxia and Shaanxi contemporary dialects.Thus,this paper selects the vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China as the research object.Guided by the theories of linguistics and dialectology,using the methods of documentary study,field investigation method,statistical method and comparative method,this paper analyzes these dialect vocabularies in order to show the overall appearance and characteristics.On the basics of analyzing the morphological word formation,words with characteristics and proverbs,verifying and explaining ancient Chinese words on diachronic level and folk characters,and excavating the characteristics of vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles,the main conclusions are as follows.Firstly,word formation is the basis of vocabulary research.Therefore,the paper firstly takes overlapping word formation and additional word formation as the typical morphological word formation,and analyzes them from two aspects which are word formation types and word formation characteristics.The overlapping word formation is rich and flexible,with rich semantic functions and emotional colors.There are nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,onomatopoeias and interjections that can be used to form overlapping words.The main additional word formations are additional prefixes and additional suffixes whose affixes are rich and have strong word formation ability.And the additional word formation always has the grammatical function of changing part of speech,the additional colors,the signifying effects or the function of extending semantics.Secondly,the vocabularies in dialect documents of local chronicles in a certain region often contain some words which has epochal and local features.The paper analyzes the pronouns and kinship terms with rich local language characteristics.Pronouns are divided into personal pronouns,demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns.It is founded that these pronouns have obvious local cultural characteristics.The prominent feature of kinship terms is that there are a large number of "similar in form but different in meaning" and "different in form and same in meaning" Thirdly,dialect is formed through accumulating and inheriting from generation to generation,therefore,there are many words inherited from ancient times.In Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,there are many ancient Chinese words,which not only including the words have been used in the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty,but also the words that have been widely used since the late Tang and Five Dynasties.In the paper,a total of 75 ancient Chinese words are analyzed.By verifying and explaining their historical origins and the evolution of their meanings,it can clearly show the development and changing characteristics of dialect vocabularies.Fourthly,the paper studies the relevant folk characters that affect the understanding of the vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.The folk characters are divided into two types,folk characters forming by writing changes and Chinese dialect characters.A total of 48 representative folk characters are selected for textual research and interpretation.Fifthly,proverbs are important materials for vocabulary research.And the dialect vocabularies in proverbs have strong local language styles and cultural colors.The paper classifies proverbs into seven types,and illustrates the dialect vocabularies with local language characteristics in proverbs.Lastly,according to comprehensive analysis,the paper finds that the vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China have obvious characteristics which are historical hierarchy and inheritance.This paper studies many problems of the vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.It reveals the features of ancient dialect vocabularies of Ningxia and Shaanxi from multiple angles,as well as excavates much more characteristics of the vocabularies in Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect documents of local chronicles in-depth.It is expected to open up a new field for Ningxia and Shaanxi dialect research and provide some values to the studies of historical dialects and contemporary dialects of Ningxia and Shaanxi.