| Nihilism is a fundamental spiritual dilemma that human beings are encountering in modern times.It is a modern problem that gradually highlights with the continuous advancement of modernization.From Nietzsche calls "the God of Death " reveals the essence of modern nihilism,put a deep-rooted tradition of nihilism pushed to the limit to the western rationalism destroyed.The traditional society provide people with the core value and the meaning of life and the ultimate concern of ontological support collapsed completely,from then on,people to follow the highest value is lost,fall into the loss of faith and meaningless nihilism.Especially in contemporary times,the prevalence of consumerism,the one-sided development of scientific rationality,the influence of mass culture and the control of commercial capital are becoming increasingly fierce.The spiritual life of human beings is confronted with the common situation of secularization,materialization and disorder.There are many nihilistic mental symptoms,such as spiritual anxiety,loss of lofty values,erosion of hedonism,popularity of utilitarianism and so on.In the era of "materialization","Ding" becomes a "new sacred image" after the disintegration of "sacred image".The absolute presence of capital makes modern people inevitably subjected to the domination of the logic of capital,forming materialized values and beliefs.Because things do not have real transcendence,therefore,modern people inevitably encounter nihilism.How to overcome this fundamental dilemma and seek for the stable Archimedes point on which human beings live has become an urgent theoretical and practical problem to be solved.Critique of modern western nihilism presents different theoretical perspectives and transcend path,they analyzed the internal connection of modern nihilism and metaphysics.It reveals that nihilism has become the spiritual dilemma of modern materialized society and shows the inner desire to transcend nihilism.There is no doubt that their ideological resources and thinking path have positive reference significance for us to further fully understand the connotation of nihilism,deep into the root of nihilism and explore the possible path beyond nihilism,but they still cannot solve the problem of the basis of human life.As their contemporaries Marx also experience and keen insight into nihilism the fundamental dilemma of modernity,while Marx did not directly put forward "nihilism" word,however,as Marx’s legacy-Historical Materialism can not only provide theoretical guidance for us to deeply reveal the origin of nihilism,but also provide practical path for us to really break the dilemma of nihilism.Historical materialism has unique ideological value and precious spiritual connotation for the study of nihilism.It provides an important theoretical basis and ideological framework for the analysis,criticism and transcendence of nihilism,which is embodied in: First,on the basis of historical materialism is based on the practice of modern new materialism,to unravel the ideological basis of traditional metaphysics,broke the ideas and thoughts rule all the idealist conception of human history,people from the real world of ontology,the people in real life to return to the person in the world,and contains a completely atheistic spirit within;Second,the historical materialism as the capitalist social critical theory of modernity,achieved from "explaining the world" to "change the world" the big change,Marx focused on practical personal and realistic material production practice,the capitalist system,the alienation of people,or materialized living conditions for the relentless criticism.It is to completely overthrow all relations of insult,slavery,abandonment and contempt of human beings,expose the real situation and root of the real life world of human beings,and finally realize the liberation of human beings and complete the unification of naturalism and humanism.Third,historical materialism and dialectics to support each other,dialectics as a kind of on the theory of selfunderstanding of human life existence,is a dialectical attitude towards life and value ideal,fundamentally cognitive thinking beyond the polar opposite of western traditional metaphysics and the content of the control theory of the old materialism thinking,it has great inclusiveness,openness and directivity.Fourthly,historical materialism expresses the truth about the liberation and free and all-round development of human beings through its concern for human survival and development,and at the same time opens the lofty and sacred spiritual realm of belief,which has infinite and absolute meaning direction.Scientific communism is the ultimate concern based on the inner transcendence of human beings,the unity of ideality and reality,truth and value,thus realizing the transcendence of nihilism.Based on historical materialism,the investigation and reflection of "materialized era" and the living situation of modern people,"how does historical materialism surpass nihilism" is regarded as the problem consciousness throughout,and the contemporary understanding and interpretation of historical materialism is regarded as the consciousness of theoretical consciousness.It adopts the method of combining theoretical research with practical analysis,critical analysis with constructive understanding,and the method of unifying history with logic.Marx’s criticism of modern nihilism and its transcendence contain four essential dimensions:ideological history dimension,realistic dimension,critical dimension and ideal dimension,which constitute the main content of historical materialism at the same time.First of all,from the dimension of ideological history,explain and analyze historical materialism through the criticism of traditional metaphysics,reveal the ideological basis of nihilism.Secondly,from the realistic dimension,analysis and explanation of historical materialism through the reflection of modern social life foundation,reveal the nihilism’s realistic root.Again,from the critical dimensions,from traditional theistic criticism to radical atheism,from the criticism of the chemical to the criticism of human social relations,and from the critique of political economy to critique of capitalist system,must also include a critique of modernity,it is in for "all merciless criticism" implements a critique of nihilism,It also constructs a realistic path beyond nihilism.Finally,from the dimension of ideality,historical materialism has intrinsic value purport and humanistic concern.Marx’s dialectics starts from practice and is based on man’s life nature.It contains a kind of life value attitude and life style and expresses a kind of life ideal and value realm.At the same time,the historical materialism is not a "no soul" Lord of materialism,nor carnalism pursuit of material enjoyment,it is an open a brand-new concept of faith,the value of scientific socialism and communism ideal,is the vision of people for a better life and outlook,is the people’s noble and great spiritual pursuit,It has important humanistic value concern and positive leading significance.Marx’s insights on nihilism have always run through Marx’s philosophical changes and criticism of social history,and it is in the relentless criticism of everything to seek the practical path beyond nihilism possibility.At the same time,the research on this issue also highlights the basic purport and ideological of Marx’s philosophical reform,especially the powerful ideological effect and important position of historical materialism established by Marx in contemporary philosophy.In this regard,reflecting on and criticizing modern nihilism based on contemporary historical materialism theory not only has unique ideological value,but also has important enlightenment significance for the reconstruction of modern faith. |
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