The Research Of Jungian Thought From The Perspective Of The Fusion Between Changes Scholarship And Analytical Psychology

As the "soul of traditional Chinese culture",Changes scholarship,which originated in the pre-Qin period,is the study of the Zhouyi composed of the Ancient Book of Changes of Zhou and Yi Zhuan.As one of the carriers of traditional Chinese culture,Zhouyi is venerated as "the first among the classics and source of the great Way." With its grand and far-reaching,extraordinary,quiet and subtle philosophical thoughts,Zhouyi has attracted numerous scholars at home and abroad to its philosophical spiritual nourishment for thousands of years.C.G.Jung,the founder of analytical psychology,is one of the most individual scholars.He is known as "the Columbus who discovered the inner world of man," and his theoretical construction of analytical psychology has a deep relationship with Chinese culture,especially Zhouyi.Jung not only studied the I Ching,but also had his own unique understanding,insights,and creative references to Chinese culture as well as its symbols.Some of the main concepts and methods in Jungian analytical psychology,such as "archetype," "anima,""animus," "persona," "shadow," "self," "individuation," "the principle of synchronicity,""collective unconscious," "positive imagination" and "alchemy," are closely related to Chinese culture and philosophy.This paper takes Jungian thought as the core of research and Changes scholarship as the research perspective,focusing on the discussion and analysis of the Changes scholarship thought in Jungian analytical psychology.By sorting out such thought in a philosophical,theoretical way,this paper discusses the influence of Changes scholarship on Jung and his theoretical construction of analytical psychology and also explicates how Jung absorbed the scholarship,and then creatively borrowed and effectively integrated it into his analytical psychology,and finally formed a unique analytic psychological philosophy different from other psychological schools.This paper is divided into six chapters to analyze and discuss the research of Jungian thought from the perspective of the fusion between Changes scholarship and analytical psychology.The first chapter is mainly a review,introducing Jung and his academic background of analytical psychology as well as the origin of Jung and Changes scholarship.First of all,focusing on the time node,this chapter divides the formation process of Jungian analytical psychology into the beginning of unconscious exploration in adolescence and the beginning,development,and maturity of analytical psychology theory in the middle and later years.Secondly,in view of the origin,this chapter focuses on the time node of meeting Wilhelm,and makes a more detailed historical comb of both the relationship between Jung and the I Ching and his views on the I Ching.Although Jung had already studied the I Ching translated by the English sinologist James Richard before he met Wilhelm,he thought that the translation was still a collection of obsolete magic spells,which was unable to clearly and accurately grasp the ideological essence and value of the I Ching.This situation was not completely changed until the later publication of the I Ching translated by Wilhelm.A Balanced Compendium of the Zhouyi used in Wilhelm’s translation was compiled by the Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and revised by Li Guangdi,which is mainly based on the Original Meaning of the Zhouyi,followed by Cheng Yi’s Commentary on the Changes,supplemented by "collected works," "general theory" and "explanation" etc.,and thus collected the masterpieces of the Song Changes.Through studying Wilhelm’s translation,Jung not only grasped the vivid meaning of the I Ching but also integrated the fresh spiritual attributes of Changes scholarship into analytical psychology,thus paving the way for the construction of his psychological philosophy.Chapter two mainly discusses the influence of Changes scholarship on Jung’s theory of dream interpretation.This chapter focuses on the specific influence of Changes.scholarship on Jung’s dream interpretation theory from the two dimensions of the "yin-yang opposition theory" and the "communication between heaven and human beings theory" in Changes scholarship.The former explains the compensatory function of dreams,while the latter explains the predictive function of dreams.Among them,by comparing and analyzing the connotations of dream omens shared in psychology and Changes scholarship,we find that the dream interpretation theory in Changes scholarship can effectively improve and expand the associative dream interpretation technique in Jungian analytical psychology.Chapter three focuses on the influence of Changes scholarship on Jungian archetypal theory.Archetypes are the core of the collective unconscious,and archetypal theory is the core theoretical content of Jungian analytical psychology.The yin-yang symbols in the I Ching are the elements of archetypes,and the sixty-four trigrams composed of the yin-yang symbols make the originally inexplicable prototypes have a specific pattern that can be interpreted.Therefore,the yin-yang theory in Changes scholarship can effectively explain the unity of opposites between anima and animus;meanwhile,the lateral linkage theory in Changes scholarship can effectively explain the relationship between persona and shadow treating each other inside and outside.The principle of synchronicity and the principle of individuation belong to the two core theoretical contents of Jungian analytical psychology and are closely related to the I Ching,which are the contents of the next two chapters of this article.Chapter four focuses on the influence of Changes scholarship on the principle of synchronicity.This chapter focuses on the two levels of "the theory of the unity of heaven and humans" and the "theory of divination," and proposes that the former provides a theoretical assistance for the principle of synchronicity,while the latter strengthens Jung’s "Archimedean point" of lift off the western attitude of mind.Chapter five focuses on the influence of Changes scholarship on Jung’s principle of individuation.The principle of individuation represents an important theoretical idea in Jung’s later years and is also an important part of his analytical psychology.Both the"cosmogony" and the "mind ontology" in the I Ching not only provide an analogous paradigm for the process of individuation but also prompt the principle to perfectly follow the analogous paradigm provided by the I Ching.As a result,the "yin-yang theory," the "theory of the unity of heaven and humans" and the "mind ontology" in Changes scholarship are together perfectly absorbed into the lapis of Jungian analytical psychological methodology.Finally,Chapter six discusses the influence and unfinished aspects of Jungian thought in China and the West.Its influence is mainly manifested in two aspects:on the one hand,the influence of Jung’s thoughts on the West is mainly reflected in the fact that various analytical psychological groups have taken root and blossomed in Europe and the United States.In addition,international organizations represented by the International Association of Analytical Psychology(1AAP)and the International Society for Sandplay Therapists(IS ST)were finally established,which played a great role in promoting the development of analytical psychology,certifying new professional groups,and preserving the vitality of the Jungian analytical psychological group.On the other hand,Jung has insight into the complementary relationship between European culture and Chinese culture,realizing the mutual learning and fusion between psychology and Chinese culture characterized by Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism.Therefore,through cultural complementarity,China and the West can achieve dialogue and interdisciplinary integration.At the same time,the Jungian theory of individuation can help us to absorb and integrate unique new elements from outside while maintaining our own cultural uniqueness,so as to achieve individuation in traditional culture and politics.Of course,Jung’s absorption of the theory of the I Ching also has two deficiencies:First,because the version used by Jung is the translation of the I Ching by Wilhelm,he did not fully understand the hexagram-and-line images behind the statements and the "returning from virtue to Dao" behind the images,that is,the sages’ meaning of returning from the former heaven to the latter heaven.Then,Jung’s theory lacks the function of moralization education.Second,the philosophy of the I Ching is not completely absorbed,and it is difficult to achieve ontological self-study and transcendence.Undoubtedly,this unfinished point also poses new challenges for Jungian post-school.All in all,Jung devoted his whole life to the study of the human psyche and achieved fruitful research results.His research results are not only based on Jung’s critical absorption of the achievements of Western psychologists represented by Freud,but also on his breakthrough in the original Western research vision and mode of thinking,especially the breakthrough in the barriers of Western-centric ideas characterized by "cultural hegemonism"and "cultural separatism." With an attitude of admiration and serious study,he accepted,absorbed,and creatively borrowed the traditional Chinese cultural thought represented by the I Ching,and integrated it into his own analytical psychology research to form a unique Jungian analytic psychological philosophy.His ideas have had a positive and far-reaching impact on both the East and the West.In order to facilitate later scholars to consult the literature,this article deliberately adds an appendix to the last part of this paper.This appendix makes a systematical,detailed arrangement of the contents of the I Ching in the Collected Works of C.GJung.And the appendix is compiled into a collection of documents by way of translation between Chinese and English.