Research About Thought Of Lenin Party Spirit

Party spirit is a key issue in the development of proletarian political parties.Marx and Engels firstly put forward the discourse of "party spirit".They established a materialistic world outlook for the proletariat,and clarified the characteristics of the Communist Party in terms of class basis,guiding ideology,organizational form and political behavior.However,the discourse of party spirit was not directly applied to the philosophical level and the construction of the Communist Party.Based on the specific political environment and revolutionary practice in Russia,Lenin used Marx and Engels’ philosophical thoughts and proletarian party theory as the foundation to enrich and deepen Marx and Engels’ expositions about party spirit,forming thought of party spirit with contemporary characteristics and world significance.This article starts from the academic debate on the concept of party spirit,and goes back to the definition of party spirit discourse by Marx,Engels and Lenin,and extracts the increase and decrease of elements and the shift in focus of party spirit discourse in the evolution process.At present,relevant domestic research mainly equates the party spirit with the party spirit of political party,and then elaborates its subject,essence and connotation.On this basis,the focus of the dispute mainly includes: whether the party spirit is shared by all political parties or the proletarian party,whether it is shared by the proletarian party or the Communist Party;the nature of party spirit is attributed to the class or the people;the party spirit refers to the overall level of the party or individual party members Levels and so on.Returning to the classic Marxist writers,although Marx and Engels mentioned "party spirit",they did not make a clear definition.They only preliminarily outlined the basic outlines of party spirit of theory,party spirit of political party,and party spirit of political party members.Lenin clarified the concept of party spirit,which mainly included the dual meanings of party spirit of philosophy and party spirit of political party,the essence of which is attributed to class nature.The party spirit of philosophy refers to the division of schools around the basic issues of philosophy and the class positions it reflects.For the proletariat and its political parties,party spirit of philosophy means to adhere to a materialist world outlook,which means that their guiding ideology must be the unity of science and practice.In other words,Lenin’s definition of party spirit of philosophy is essentially a summary and enrichment of Marx and Engels’ philosophical thought and party spirit of theory.The party spirit of political party is the organic unity of the party organization level and the individual level of party members,that is,the political characteristics of the new proletarian party in terms of guiding ideology,organizational form,and behavioral norms,and the penetration of these characteristics in the internal cultivation and political behavior of individual party members.Specifically,it includes scientific ideology and the advanced nature of its implications,a clear proletarian stand and its implied struggle,centralized and unified organization and its implied strict discipline,etc.In other words,Lenin’s definition of party spirit of political party is more focused on the specific revolutionary environment in Russia.Compared with Marx and Engels,Lenin highlighted the fighting spirit of the new proletarian party and the party’s centralization,unity and strict discipline.In a nutshell,Lenin’s definition of party spirit of political party can be summed up in "two dimensions" and "four characteristics".Namely,from the two dimensions of the party level and the party member level,summarizing and deducing four characteristics,that is theoretical,class,organizational,and disciplined nature.The formation of ideas can not be separated from the nourishment of the background.The analysis of Lenin party spirit thought also begins with the description of the environment in which it was produced.With the transition of major capitalist countries from free competition to monopoly stage,Lenin proposed that imperialism is the highest stage of the development of capitalism,which directly affected Lenin’s prediction of the process of proletarian revolution.At the same time,the prevalence of revisionism in the Second International also prompted Lenin to fight to defend Marxism,and the best way to uphold Marxism is to combine it with the Russian revolutionary practice.At that time,Russia was in a situation where the tsarist autocracy and the capitalist economy were entangled with each other.Neither the tsarist government nor the emerging bourgeoisie could make radical changes.The road to constitutional monarchy would inevitably fail,only violent revolutions could change the status quo.In the process of applying Marxism to analyze the status quo in Russia,Lenin put forward the theory of the "two stages" of the Russian revolution,that is,the convergence of the democratic revolution and the proletarian revolution.After the guiding ideology of the revolution was determined,the issue of the motive force of the revolution became the key.In line with the development of the capitalist economy,Russia’s social structure is also in a period of adjustment.The traditional structure has gradually split into two opposing classes,the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.The proletariat is gradually organized and awakened under the guidance of scientific socialism,the bourgeoisie vacillates between revolution and reform,and the peasant class is still bound by the values of collectivism and egalitarianism.Based on the analysis of the various classes in Russian society,Lenin proposed that the proletariat must undertake the historical mission of the Russian revolution,and the revolutionary forces in other strata are important allies of the proletariat.On this basis,Lenin also proposed that the Russian proletariat must establish a new type of proletarian party that is different from any previous party,if it wants to overthrow the tsarist dictatorship and establish a socialist system.In the process of participating in and leading the Russian Revolution,thought of Lenin party spirit was formed.The party spirit of philosophy is the beginning and foundation of Lenin’s party spirit thought.Lenin’s use of party spirit first appeared on the philosophical level.The main purpose was to criticize the subjective and objective idealism of the Russian populists and liberals,and to establish a materialist world outlook for the Russian proletariat and its party.Materialism itself contains party spirit.After the outbreak of the revolution in 1905,the Russian ideological circle became more and more motivated to revise Marxist philosophy.Through analyzing and revealing the idealism tendency of empirical criticism,Lenin made it clear that philosophy was sects in nature from the beginning,and philosophical schools and social classes were closely related.In the period when the Russian political environment and mass thinking were loosened,the proletariat and its party must adhere to thorough materialism and insist on the guiding position of Marxist ideology.After the victory of the October Revolution,materialism became an important tool for the Bolsheviks to carry out political integration.Lenin put the fighting significance of materialism in a more important position,and believed that this was the ideological basis for maintaining the advanced nature of the Bolsheviks.In a nutshell,the main content of Lenin’s party spirit of philosophy thought is: philosophy has a party spirit from the beginning,and philosophical schools are closely related to social classes;the proletariat must use materialism as a spiritual weapon to understand and transform the world.Therefore,it is necessary to take Marxism as the guiding ideology of the Russian proletarian party.Lenin’s party spirit of philosophy thought not only played a role of theoretical criticism in the competitive environment of diverse Russian thoughts,but also indirectly promoted the process of Russian revolution and construction.In short,the party spirit of philosophy thought has laid a solid ideological foundation for the party spirit of political party.The party spirit of political party is the core of Lenin party spirit thought.The historical stages of the evolution of Lenin party spirit of political party thought are mainly based on the changes in the name,form,and tasks of the Russian proletarian party.From 1888 to 1905,it was a process of transition from a workers’ group to a unified party.The party spirit of political party is mainly embodied in clarifying the guiding ideology and vanguard position of the Russian Social Democratic Party,emphasizing the organization of the party through concentration and discipline,and the establishment of the party platform and party constitution as the starting point to achieve the unity of the party.From the outbreak of the revolution in 1905 to the outbreak of the revolution in February 1917,it was a period in which factions within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split and the Bolsheviks came to the fore.The party spirit of political party is embodied in the pioneering role of the Russian Social Democratic Party in the proletariat and the struggle for the party’s leadership over the democratic revolution,the determination of democratic centralism as the party’s basic organizational principle,target transformation of the unity and struggle of the proletarian party,and distinct differences in party spirit,etc.From the outbreak of the revolution in February 1917 to the death of Lenin in 1924,it was the transition from the Russian Social Democratic Party to the Russian Communist Party.The party spirit of political party is embodied in the Bolshevik’s ideological and theoretical evolution from social democracy to scientific socialism,the improvement of organization and discipline,the alternation of extreme concentration and democratic concentration in the environment of war and construction,and the maintenance of the purity of the Bolsheviks and close contact with the exploited masses,etc.On this basis,sort out the main content and logic of Lenin party spirit thought: at the theoretical level,based on Russian reality,promote the party’s guiding ideology to advance with the times,and Leninism has become the guide for action of the new proletarian party;at the party level,the new proletarian party’s clear class position and pay more attention to the party’s leading role in the vanguard of the entire class,clarify the organizational nature of the new proletarian party,and pay more attention to achieving the true unity of the party through democratic centralism and strict discipline;at the level of party members,clarify the party members’ role organizational attributes and pay more attention to the party members’ compliance with organizational discipline and the fulfillment of their obligations,which corresponds to the organizational discipline at the party level.At the same time,Lenin party spirit thought used the Communist International as a platform and became a useful reference for the Communist Parties of all countries and the world socialist movement.In summary,Lenin party spirit thought includes two aspects:party spirit of philosophy and party spirit of political party.party spirit of philosophy lays the theoretical foundation for party spirit of political party and runs through the practice of the Russian Revolution and the self-construction of the new proletarian party.On this basis,this article also discusses the embodiment of Lenin party spirit in the ideological construction,organizational construction,public opinion propaganda and social organization of the new proletarian party,in order to enhance the intuitive experience of Lenin party spirit.On the basis of the foregoing content,we concluded historical evaluation and empirical summary of Lenin party spirit thought.From the perspective of ideological contribution,at the theoretical level,Lenin party spirit thought is a link in Marxist party spirit.On the basis of inheriting of Marx and Engels’ party spirit,it puts more emphasis on the centralization and discipline of the new proletarian party,and the role of the vanguard.On the practical level,Lenin party spirit accelerated the establishment of a new proletarian party in Russia and the birth of a socialist regime.It also promoted the establishment of the Communist Party of various countries and the climax of the world socialist movement.From the perspective of ideological limitations,the contradiction between theoretical democratic centralism and extreme centralized practice in a war environment,has caused western scholars to question.It should be noted that this question is based on a one-sided understanding based on Western-style democracy and political party theory.It neither grasps the evolution of Lenin party spirit as a whole,nor integrates it with the harshness of the Russian revolutionary environment and the Russian proletarian party,and the reality of party members’ knowledge level and lack of democratic literacy.From the perspective of the course of ideological evolution,based on the longitudinal historical investigation of the Communist Party,it can be concluded that actively respond to the needs of the times,unremittingly pursue the ambitious goals of communism,and actively carry out party construction are the basic experience of Lenin’s party-oriented ideological development;based on the development of the Communist Party and the bourgeois party,a horizontal comparison can be drawn that the class attributes,guiding ideology,and cultural differences of the society in which the party is located make the bourgeois party completely different from the Communist Party in terms of ideology,organizational form,and behavioral norms.In a nutshell,party spirit of political party has become a political characteristic of the new proletarian party,especially the Communist Party.Based on the new era,the Communist Party of China is pursuing great national rejuvenation against the background of great changes unseen in a century,and it is bound to launch a great struggle with new historical characteristics.Properly handling various risks and challenges and seizing the opportunities of the times require the Communist Party of China to vigorously and continuously enhance the party spirit.By strengthening ideals and convictions,maintaining the spirit and awareness of struggle,and upholding politics with a clear-cut stand,we can maintain the party’s advanced nature and purity,and provide strong political guarantee for the building of a modern and powerful socialist country.