Research On Marx’s Community Thought

"Community" is an ancient concept that has existed in ancient Greece.The discussion of Western sages on community issues has opened up the horizon of Marx’s thought and become an important theoretical resource of Marx’s community thought.Marx’s community thought aims to answer under what kind of community conditions can individuals realize their free and all-round development above their true meaning from the perspective of the community.What Marx said about man’s freedom and all-round development does not simply mean man’s political liberation,but man’s complete liberation in a complete form.Seeking liberation for mankind is the central clue that runs through Marx’s theoretical exploration throughout his life.Marx replaced "reflection" with the concept of "production",completed the transcendence of abstract "self-consciousness" and "quasi essence" with the concept of "labor",and completely realized the axial turning of previous philosophy,It makes people’s Liberation break away from the stereotype of ideology and has the foundation of reality.Marx’s community thought not only demonstrates human liberation and reveals the inevitable trend of social development and human civilization progress,but also highlights the scientificity,historicity and practicality of his thought itself.If we look at Marx’s analysis and interpretation of issues related to "community" from the basic perspective of human freedom and all-round development,It will be found that Marx’s criticism of the "illusory community" as a capitalist political country and the "abstract community" under the control of capital logic,as well as his demonstration of the human rational social form-"real community"("free man’s Union")all run through the truth of man’s free personality on the basis of sublating the contradiction between "individual" and "class" Thinking that is being realized.Marx’s conclusion is that only the "real community" can provide the basis and guarantee for individual self realization,and only in the "real community" can there be individual freedom.But "real community" is by no means a state that can be realized immediately,but an idea that can be approached gradually through efforts,which is also the fundamental difference between Marx’s community thought and other community thoughts.Therefore,people must realize that Marx’s thought of "real community" is the unity of lofty ideal and practical reality,and clearly grasp the fundamental difference between the highest program with ideal characteristics and the phased goal as reality,so as to lead the direction of socialist development according to the highest program,Promote social practice with realistic phased goals.It is through the continuous exploration and practice of many Marxists that the New Era Connotation and theoretical characteristics of the thought of "real community" can be continuously enriched and highlighted.In his criticism of "illusory community",Marx strengthened his determination to distinguish from Hegel’s thought,and finally moved towards the theoretical process of criticizing Hegelian view of state.Starting from the overall relationship between the individual and the state,he pointed out that the capitalist countries are mainly the manifestation of the illusory community and the illusory face that the capitalist countries,as the expression of the so-called universal interests,are just the "legitimate" spokesmen of the personal special interests.Generally speaking,Marx’s critical process is mainly manifested in the following development approaches: the early thought of regarding the state as the highest realization of rationality and law with the mark of Hegel’s idealism→ questioning the rationality of the national community and law after going deep into the social reality → criticizing Hegel’s rationalist view of the state.It is in the process of criticizing Hegel’s philosophy of law that Marx realized the limit of political liberation,and put forward the goal of human liberation to overcome the civil society(beyond political liberation)on the basis of the separation of political society and civil society.Therefore,civil society is undoubtedly the realistic basis and critical starting point for Marx to explore human liberation.In terms of revealing the "illusory" essence of capitalist countries,Marx believes that the general interests represented by the interests of the capitalist ruling class are only the interests of the ruling class,and its essence is to restrict people’s social relations in a more abstract and universal form.The individual living in this community seems to be free to communicate freely and engage in production and life freely,but this freedom is only an illusion.Although the individual has got rid of the survival paradox of comprehensiveness and real non richness,it is the illusion of material service.In this "illusory community",it is nothing more than the union of one class against another from beginning to end.Under the reference of historical dimension,this "illusory community" as a phased existence of human social development will eventually be surpassed by a higher form of community.Marx’s criticism of the thought of "abstract community" can be regarded as his dual criticism of "philosophy" and "political economy" of capitalist society.Marx’s "abstract community" is based on the abstract grasp and analysis of money.The jump from money to capital with ghostly reality is the core and "formal provision" of this thought.Understanding the capital of the core and soul of capitalist society means understanding the concept of "things" in capitalist society,and then grasping the relationship between people behind things.Among them,the state of human survival and development is completely manifested in "material dependence".This reversal of the relationship between people and things makes it possible for abstract rule over people.Both workers and capitalists are spared the rule of "capital community" and are deeply controlled by fetishism and capitalist ideology.However,the "reflexivity" of capital determines that the "abstract community",as a "historical form" rather than a "natural form" of social production,will eventually move towards "reflexivity and self destruction".Starting from the overall thinking method of entity relationship-relationship in reflection,Marx comprehensively considered this "abstract community" in the double scales of history and morality.With his historical vision and position of historical materialism,he not only fully affirmed the special emancipation and revolutionary significance of capitalism relative to medieval feudal society,but also examined the history and consequences of capitalism from a moral point of view,and satirized its open and explicit exploitation and suppression of human nature.Marx’s revelation of "illusory community" and "abstract community" under the guidance of historical materialism implies the development trend of his community thought,that is,the development of the community must move towards "real community".Different from the "abstract empty talk" of previous thinkers on the social subject,Marx believes that people should not be regarded as the existence of body,but as the existence of history,and human activities should be regarded as the real driving force and source of the development of human society.Therefore,starting from the "real individual",Marx investigated the general process of human historical development,so as to reveal the inevitable trend of community development "The real individual" constitutes the logical starting point of Marx’s " real community ".In Marx’s domain,the core theme of "real community" is to rescue people from the alienation of capital logic and realize the overall liberation of all mankind.Marx’s social ideal of "real community" aimed at realizing everyone’s free and all-round development has not been realized so far,and it is far from having the conditions for realization,and even the signs of realization can not be found.Mankind is still in a national regional existence.With its ubiquitous "capital variants",capitalism still holds the initiative of the world market and formulates the "rules of the game" of "egoism and exclusivity".For this historical trend that does not ostensibly conform to the law of social development revealed by Marx,there have been some voices of doubt and criticism against Marx in the western ideological circles,among which the most thorough and fierce criticism is Popper’s accusations of "historical determinism" and "abstract Utopia" against Marx’s social ideal.First of all,although this criticism is too extreme and one-sided,it has caused us to rethink Marx’s theory and the law of social development to a certain extent;Secondly,Popper’s accusation of Marx’s "real community" thought has no strict logical demonstration,and there is a great degree of misreading of the theoretical basis of Marx’s thought,and he also lacks dialectical thinking in the interpretation of Utopia and ignores its metaphysical value dimension.Today,the concept of "community" has once again become the focus of attention.There are two reasons: first,the debate between western liberalism and communitarianism on the relationship between individual and community,that is,which of individual and community has pre existence,makes us focus on Marx’s Thought on the relationship between individual and community again;Secondly,the General Secretary Xi Jinping’s idea of "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" put forward a discussion on the relationship between Marx’s community thought and the community of human destiny.It can be said that the dispute between contemporary liberalism and Communitarianism reproduces the ancient and basic problem of individual and community.Marx’s interpretation of "real community" points out a real community existence form that transcends the historical premise of either or of individual and class to seek the realization of individual freedom.This social ideal of seeking liberation for mankind determines that Marx’s discrimination of the authenticity of the development of the community must take the realistic individual as the starting point.Its attention to people’s real life and the importance of human values and status can provide guidance for China today to push forward the development concept of "people centred" advocated by Xi Jinping’s socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics.Moreover,Marx attached great importance to the concept of "communication" in the process of explaining social development and the realization of "real community",which inspired us that it is through "universal communication" that all nations and countries can establish "common interests" in the world and form "common values".On this basis,countries(communities)all over the world share global responsibilities Share development achievements and jointly build a new human community.Marx’s investigation of the historical evolution of the community from the perspective of the liberation of all mankind inherently contains "quasi philosophical thinking mode",that is,"quasi thinking".Under the historical background that the interdependent interest community between nations and States has been established,"quasi thinking" obviously has the realistic soil for theoretical growth,which provides an ideological basis for promoting the construction of the "community of human destiny" at the natural level guided by "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind".The thought of "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" is a viewpoint,thought and theory about human development.Its proposal marks the establishment of a new development model different from "capital logic",is a conscious reflection and examination of the process of human development,and is the natural path to explore the development of human society.The "real community" thought that Marx aims to realize is essentially different from the "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" in terms of time and space direction and realization mode.The former does not constitute the ideological source of the latter,and the latter does not need to have the function of carrying the development and evolution of the community.However,the basic position of "species thinking",the spirit of human care,the concept of equal communication and the theoretical character of taking common value as the practical direction all provide guidance for the construction of "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" at the necessary level.Therefore,Marx’s community thought still has important methodological significance and time value in contemporary times.