Criticism And Construction:A Study On Thought Of Marx's Community

As the way of human existence,the community has always been closely watched by philosophers.The city-state community,the holy community,the contract community and the "liberal" community that once existed in the history of western thought,are all fertile foundations for Marx's community thought germination,formation,and development.They constitute the theoretical origin of Marx's thought of community together.Marx's thought of community is the sum of a series of thoughts that he derived from the perspective of the community and revealing people's actual destiny and living conditions in different forms of community.It not only has the value of all-round development and free emancipation.Moreover,it is based on the correct guidance of historical materialism in the development of social history.It also has deep scientific analysis and rigorous argumentation in the study of political economy.Therefore,it is a comprehensive,scientific,and profound ideological system.This paper takes human's freedom and development as the basic perspectives,and takes Marx and Engels' classic texts in different periods as the main basis,combines relevant domestic and foreign research results.Inspects the development and evolution of the community in different historical periods.It focuses on the analysis of Marx's "Unreal Community" thought,"Abstract Community" thought,and "Real Community" thoughts.And analyzes the theoretical reverberation and contemporary value of it backward.On this basis,the author tries to carry out systematic combing and in-depth excavation of Marx's thought of community.In the "Unreal Community" thought stage,Marx completed the criticism of Hegel's rationalist state and revealed the nature of the capitalist state.In terms of criticizing Hegel's rationalist state,Marx experienced the following thought process: influenced by Hegel's rationalist state view deeply and considered that the state should be the rational realization of law and rationality ? the material of reality difficulties overthrow his rationalist state view ? criticized logic mysticism and rough empiricism in Hegel's rationalist state view.In terms of revealing the nature of capitalist countries,Marx held the idea that the capitalist countries were the representatives of the ruling class'.It expanded the ruling class' narrowest class interests into the general interests of the society.Restricted by alienated labor,division of labor and obstruction of private ownership,what people get in it is the formal and unreal freedom,and incomplete and alienated development.As a result,the capitalist countries will eventually be replaced by new relations of production that is suitable for higher productivity development.As an "Unreal Community",it will also be dispelled with the intensification of contradictions in capitalist society and he appearance of the proletarian revolutionary subject.In the "Abstract Community" thought stage,Marx went deep into the study of political economy and completed his political and economic criticism of capital,capital logic,and even capitalism as a whole.He thinks that in the "Abstract Community",the social relationship between human being is obscured by the relationship between abstract objects.people lose their independence and individuality,but currency and capital acquire independence and individuality.The reversal of people and abstract objects leads to the results that "the individual is now under the abstract rule".Specifically,in people's life world,the currency became the god who marched among the world with the generalization of its mediating role.It rises from a means to the supreme purpose that having real power,and thus it becomes an abstract "currency community".In people's production fields,as the labor force becomes a special commodity,the currency completes the Rodos jump to the capital.As a "light shines",capital illuminating the wealth road for the bourgeoisie,but its essence of "right that control unpaid work" makes it as the opposite of the workers and brings endless catastrophes to the proletariat.Neither the capitalist nor the workers have been able to receive the abstract "capital community" rule,which has led them to the fetishism of fetishism,and has been deeply controlled by the fetishism consciousness and the illusory capitalist ideology.In addition,in this thought stage,Marx analyzed the three forms of natural community before capitalist production and pointed out that the Germanic form natural community gave birth to capitalism,Thus he completing the necessary traceability of capitalism and self-reflection of abstract communities check.On the whole,Marx's exposition of "abstract community" reflects his profound revelation of capitalist relations of production and his overall critique of modernity.Marx's critique of capitalist state perceptions and the critique of capitalist political economy inherently contain the dynamic development trend of its community thought,that is,toward the "real community." The development of Marx's "true community" thought has experienced three phases: the abstract discussion of humanism,the specific discourse under the guide of historical materialism,and the scientific development under the demonstration of political economy.Although it is Marx's prediction that based on capitalist criticism and the development of human society,but it is not an ideal Utopia.In terms of its specific content,the long-term accumulation and highly developed productivity of the real capitalist society has laid a material foundation for it;The "realistic individual" that engaged in different production practices under certain social and historical conditions is its logical premise;The "union of free people" that embodies the consistency of individual principles and social principles,is the specific form of its realization;The full-scale liberation and free development of people that can be achieved through the realistic revolutionary movement is its purpose.In terms of its realization mechanism,the acquisition of "free time" not only prolongs the length of human life,but also expands the space for human development;The reconstruction of "individual ownership" makes the future of social labor products on one hand is occupied by society as a means of maintaining and expanding production,on the other hand,is occupied by individuals as material for life and enjoyment.Thus the dominant position of the individual in society is restored.The revolution that transcends the "political state" causes the political shell and all obsolete things of the previous "unreal community" to be destroyed,and the eradication of the foundation of the "true community" was cleared up.The creation of the "free personality" enabled people not only relied on the "human",but also broke the "material" constraint,Thereby they creating independently and dominating all their social connections.Above all,Marx makes the conclusion that only in the "True Community",individuals in their unions and through the unions can obtain true freedom and comprehensive development.From the perspective of human freedom and development,Marx criticized the "Unreal Community" and concluded that the country and the civil society will eventually be overcome,and that the alienation of man will eventually be abandoned.After the revealing of "Abstract Community",he believes that "the individual is now under the abstract rule" will also be subverted with changes in the mode of production and the development of production relations.Only the "Real Community" with the form of the "free man union" is the real solution to the contradiction between the individual and the community.The freedom and liberation of human beings and their all-round development are the values pursued by Marx throughout his life.The real concerns of human destiny have permeated the development of Marx's thought of community as a clue.As a product of the times,Marx's thought of community will also make corresponding changes and developments as the times change and develop.