Research On The Basic Theory Of Ideological And Political Education In Lenin’s “What Is To Be Done?”

“What Is To Be Done?” is a classic theoretical work of Lenin’s early works that systematically discussed the Marxist Party building and ideological and political work,played an important position in the history of Marxism and made outstanding contributions to the treasure house of Marxist theory.In this polemic classic work,Lenin elaborates the important role of revolutionary theory,the extreme importance of the inculcation of socialist consciousness and the realistic urgency of founding the whole Russian political newspaper and forming a team of professional revolutionaries profoundly by exposing and criticizing these false ideas from the Russian economists and legal Marxists that denying Marxism,adoring spontaneity,advocating economic struggle,and opposing to establishment a team of professional revolutionaries.it had many decisive effects on settling the ideological differences and organizational chaos,and promoting the workers’ movement at that time.The work is recognized as a must-reading classic on Marxist Party building and ideological and political education.We can find these theories in this work about the strong value foundation,the profound essential insight,effective practical exploration of ideological and political education and so on by researching and analyzing the creation background and the main content of the " What Is To Be Done?".The research of the basic theory of ideological and political education has always been a basic proposition that needs to be constantly questioned and considered in the development process of ideological and political education,which is related to the improvement of the discipline system of ideological and political education as well as the promotion of the development of cultural inheritance and innovation.Carrying out the research on the basic theory of Ideological and political education in Lenin’s “What Is To Be Done?” aims to comb and concise Lenin’s discussions and judgments about ideological and political education theory from the text,further deepen and grasp the core essence of Marxism,theoretical character and great feelings,and then realize the charm of profound thought and the power of the great spirit,so we can promote the theoretical research and the practical development of ideological and political education in the new era by deeply rooted ideological and political education in Marxist classics,and accumulating the thickness of thought of ideological and political education.Lenin’s “What Is To Be done?” was written in the early 20 th century when the Russian Social Democratic Party was in chaos,shake and slackness,the international and domestic opportunism was rampant,and the revolutionary movement was stagnant.At the critical moment of the development of the revolutionary situation,Lenin had to write the book called "What Is To Be Done?" to answer these questions about what to do next for for the Russian revolutionary movement,for the Russian Social Democratic Party and for the Russian people.In order to deal with the action that non-socialist thoughts use the "dogmatism" and "criticism freedom" slogan to dissolve the importance of Marxist theory,Lenin cited Engels’ viewpoints on the theory,and looked back to Marx and Engels’ thought on the theoretical arming,and he demonstrated fully the significance that armed with the theory of Marxism is good for the process of our revolutionary movement,the fighting capacity of our proletarian revolutionary political party,and the proletarian consciousness,especially,he pointed out that armed with the theory of Marxism should deal with the relationship between the revolutionary theory,the revolutionary practice,and the revolutionary experience,etc.The theoretical arming emphasized by Lenin is to emphasize the Marxist ideological and political education which aims to arm the people with the Marxist theory and guide the workers’ movement.In the history of ideological and political education development,the organic combination of Marxism and ideological and political education has made the proletarian ideological and political education have a solid theoretical foundation and a strong value foundation.Marxist ideological and political education is a discipline that uses Marxist theory and method to cultivate people’s correct world outlook,outlook on life and values.Marxism is the scientific guiding ideology of ideological and political education science which provides the scientific guidance of world outlook and methodology,core education content and driving force for ideological and political education,in addition,Marxism is the value foundation of ideological and political education which fundamentally supports and guarantees the leading value to the social development course and the shaping value to the soul of individual spirit.The realization of theoretical arming must rely on theoretical indoctrination.Lenin criticized,inherited and deeply developed the indoctrination theory of Marx and Engels,Karl Kautzky and Plekhanov,combined with the Russian revolution and construction,and thought about inspiring the masses’ class consciousness and serving the cause of human liberation.He put forward the indoctrination theory in “What Is To Be Done?” comprehensively and systematically.The indoctrination theory,put forward by Lenin in “What Is To Be Done?” is the unity of a theoretical level and a practical level.On the one hand,he pointed out the scientific connotation of indoctrination theory in theory.On one hand,he indicated that the reason of the indoctrination is "the social democratic consciousness can only be instilled from the outside",the content is the theory of scientific socialism,and the path is "social Democrats go deep into all classes and all aspects";on the other hand,he pointed out the reliant form of the indoctrination theory has the text form and the language form in practical.Lenin’s indoctrination theory is an important content of Marxist theory and an important theory to reveal the essence of ideological and political education.Understanding the indoctrination from the origin of Lenin’s discussion on indoctrination theory,and combining with the thinking of premises of the essence of ideological and political education,we can find that the reason why the indoctrination theory can reveal the essence of ideological and political education is as follows:Firstly,it is necessary and feasible to insist indoctrination in ideological and political education,so we can understand the particularity and the importance of ideological and political education;secondly,because indoctrination is the main line that can comprehensive and run through the ideological and political education system,Thus we can systematically grasp the whole process of ideological and political education;and thirdly,because indoctrination is conducive to the continuous development and improvement of ideological and political education,from this,we can master and grasp the logic of ideological and political education development,and it reflects the future development prospect of ideological and political education.The theoretical indoctrination performed by Ideological and political education manifests as the publicity and education process of Marxism in practice,and the whole process must be guaranteed by practice.The practice of ideological and political education in “What Is To Be Done?” carried out by the Russian social Democrats is the whole publicity and education process covering exposing all aspects of practical life,carrying out political education that is used to instill knowledge and political consciousness,and taking concrete actions of encouraging,mobilizing the public and organizing uprising.To facilitate the analysis,this paper divides it into some practical links,such as starting with exposing all aspects,taking political education as the core,and taking concrete actions as the destination.The whole Russian political newspaper plays an important role in the publicity and education which takes Marxism as the guideline for running a newspaper,it can overcome the limitations of local newspapers,and it acts as "a pulpit used for disclosure for the public","a huge blower","a baseline of cultivating the organization" and "a scaffolding of forming the organization".The publicity and education must use the whole Russian political newspaper as the carrier.The publicity and education must rely on the team of professional revolutionaries.The formation of this team is an inevitable choice to deal with the revolutionary situation,and the members must also meet the main standards of selection in faith,spirit,theoretical basis,professional skills and people’s feelings.Based on review and analysis of related discussion of Lenin’s “What Is To Be Done?”,we can further connect the publicity and education with ideological and political education,and then perform semantic analysis and clarify the relationship between the publicity,education and ideological and political education,so we can accurately understand and grasp the orientations of the "publicity" and the "education" in the ideological and political education practice,and clear the goals of the both sorts of educations.Further,we can promote the smooth development of current ideological and political education practice from two aspects :to ensure the effect of publicity and make the educational content deeply rooted in people’s minds.By interpreting and describing the basic theory of ideological and political education in Lenin’s “What Is To Be Done?” from the perspective of value,essence and practice,we can draw the following conclusions: the value foundation of ideological and political education is Marxism,the essence of ideological and political education should be revealed by the indoctrination theory,and the practical process of ideological and political education is manifested as the publicity and education.As a classic of ideological and political education,Lenin’s “What Is To Be Done?” had a great historical influence on ideological and political education.It emphasized Party Principle of ideological and political education,clarified the rationality of the ideological indoctrination,and enriched the theoretical resources of ideological and political education.As an important theory of ideological and political education,the indoctrination theory is faced with the current situation of the new era.so we should give reasonable responses to the many challenges encountered,then we can reinforce the adherence to the indoctrination theory in the change of times,what’s more,we should adhere to the explicit education and stretch and deepen implicit education,and actively promote the enlightenment and artistry of theoretical indoctrination.When socialism with Chinese characteristics enters into a new era,ideological and political education standing at a new historical starting point must take steps to make sure its functions properly that leading the political direction,building ideological consensus,and pooling spiritual strength in a new journey to reach the two centenary goals and realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation,so we must take steps,such as maintain the guiding position of Marxist theory resolutely,strengthen the two kinds of consciousness of the practice of ideological and political education,pay attention to optimizing political communication and promoting values education,and create a highly qualified organization team of ideological and political education.