An Analysis On Czech Political Ideological Trends After The Upheaval Of The Former Soviet Union And Eastern Europe From The Perspective Of Marxism

Marxism is not only a scientific theory,but also a critical theory,which was developed in the struggle against all kinds of wrong ideological trends.After the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,the nature of these countries in this region changed from socialism to capitalism.Since then,various ideological trends have been surging,especially the most influential trend of newliberalism/neoliberalism.How to view world socialism and world capitalism,including analyzing today’s various political ideological trends in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,has become a task before us.Based on this,taking the Czech Republic as an entry point,the thesis uses Marxist positions,views,and methods to analyze the main political ideological trends in the Czech Republic after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.It is true that the time when Marxist classic writers lived has long gone,but the development route of Marxist classic writers criticizing the wrong ideological trends is still of great practical significance for us to correctly analyze the political ideological trends today.To be specific,starting from the standpoint of the people,the Marxist classic writers comprehensively use various methods such as historical analysis,class analysis,dialectical analysis and practical analysis,mainly to criticize the basic viewpoints,thinking methods and ideological essence of the wrong ideological trends.The development route of Marxist classic writers criticizing the wrong ideological trends provides the basic support for this thesis to correctly analyze the main political ideological trends in Czech after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.After the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,the political ideological trends are varied.Based on the contradiction principle of things,this thesis selects newliberalism/neoliberalism,neocommunism and neopopulism as the main research objects.The newliberalism/neoliberalism replaced Marxism and became the mainstream of Czech ideological realm after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.Czech traditional liberalism originated from the European Enlightenment and began in the period of Czech national rejuvenation,which roughly experienced four periods of origination,development,decline and recovery.As an imported product,it was strongly integrated with nationalism for localization.However,due to the weak social foundation and the conservatism of the bourgeoisie,it declined gradually during the period of the World War and the KS(?) in power.Decline does not mean extinction.After November 1989,driven by appropriate international,regional and domestic factors,newliberalism/neoliberalism unexpectedly and quickly replaced the dominant position of Czech Marxism.Czech newliberalism/neoliberalism after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has two schools: one is the social liberalism(newliberalism)represented by Havel who moralizes politics and the other is the neoclassical liberalism(neoliberalism)represented by Klaus who marketizes politics.The latter is the focus of the study,which explains the contents of neoliberalism in detail mainly from four aspects: political position,theoretical basis,economic thought and political thought,and insights into its development trend toward conservatism and nationalism.As the ideological weapon of the right-wing of the bourgeoisie,newliberalism/neoliberalism stands on the anti-communism position and on the theoretical basis of individualism with the abstract concept of "free citizen" as its core.It creates the political myth of civil society and majoritarian "party democracy",propagates the empirical fallacy that freedom and market systems are “tested and tried”,and uses the method of historical nihilism to stigmatize the ruling of the KS(?) as "unnatural order".Therefore,its essence is to defend the rule of national bourgeoisie and transnational bourgeoisie.The thesis then focuses on the neocommunism formed and adhered to by KS(?)M after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.After the birth of Marxism,its communism spread widely in Czechoslovakia.With the establishment of the KS(?) and the control of the state power,the highly planned and highly centralized Soviet-style socialism basically occupied the dominant ideological position in Czechoslovakia,during which there was also a brief period of people’s democracy and the Eastern Europe Neo-Marxism before and after the "Prague Spring".After the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,on the basis of integrating the four factors of historical heritage,survival consideration,party struggle and crisis response,it is not accidental for KS(?)M to defeat the social democratic reformers and propose neocommunism,which is a historical necessity.The neocommunism not only adheres to the guiding position of Marxism as a whole,shows the Marxist theoretical temperament of unswervingly overthrowing the capitalist system and expecting to construct communism,but also shows non-Marxist tendencies such as democratic socialism and Utopian socialism in individual views.These can be reflected in the detailed interpretation of its treatment of the Party’s history,its orientation,the connotation of the "modern socialism" road and the way to achieve the "modern socialism".Therefore,the neocommunism should be treated dialectically and historically.We should not only see its adherence to classic Marxism and innovation of Marxism under the new situation,but also see its components such as democratic socialism and Utopian socialism,and analyze its negative influence of separating the socialist movement from the workers’ movement in practice.Czech neopopulism is part of the third wave of populism.The development of Czech neopopulism takes the political crisis in 2006 as the watershed and experiences the process from slow development to continuous upsurge.The dissatisfaction with the liberal democratic politics is an important reason for neopopulism’s rise.Czech neopopulism after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has two schools: one is the centrist populism represented by Babi? with the core of "replacing politics with management" and the other is the extremely right populism represented by Tomio Okamura with the core of direct democracy and xenophobia.The former is a combination of populism and technocracy.Guided by economic issues,it transcends "left" and "right" ideologies,advocates "replacing politics with management",and strives for efficient governance of the country.The latter combines populism with nationalism,nativism and welfare chauvinism.Guided by social and cultural issues such as race,nationality and religion,it advocates direct democracy,and strives to thoroughly reform the political system.Although Czech neopopulism exposes and criticizes the current disadvantages of neoliberalism to a certain extent,and some expressions are similar to Marxism on the surface,it is a far cry from Marxism.Czech neopopulism conjures up an abstract whole of the "people" who are homogeneous to the "Little Czech",uses wrong approaches of covering up primary contradictions with secondary contradictions,enforces meritocracy under the banner of "anti-elite",is used to selling its Utopian ideas of democratic political reform to the public on the premise of maintaining the capitalist system,and promotes deceptively de-ideological ideas such as the "replacing politics with management".Therefore,its essence is to achieve the political purpose of the rule by the capitalist oligarchic class.Through the analysis of Czech main political ideological trends,it can be clearly seen that the current situation of the contrast between the socialist system and the capitalist system in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,that is,capitalism is in the dominant position and the socialist movement is wandering in the trough.However,today’s human society is still in the great era of socialism replacing capitalism.The Marxist thought of "two necessaries" will not become outdated,and the basic principle of scientific socialism that "Communism must replace capitalism" will not change.Socialism with Chinese characteristics not only withstand the adverse impact of the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but also opened up a bright prospect of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization.More importantly,it is actively pushing the world socialism out of the trough after the upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to a new stage.All this makes us more firmly believe in the scientific judgment of "two necessaries" of Marxism and more adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the field of ideology.In the combination of Marxism and our nation’s specific reality and history and culture,we constantly create a new realm of Marxism.In summary,during the 30 years since the former socialist countries of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe reverted to the capitalist system,the neoliberal model of liberal democracy has been increasingly questioned,neopopulism and other ideological trends are emerging in a new guise,and neocommunism is developing tortuously.Today,former socialist countries of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are still at the "crossroads of history".The facts of the Czech Republic bode that copying Western ideology is not a panacea.The upheaval of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe is just an episode,which cannot change the historical development law that socialism is bound to replace capitalism.